Ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri mkpofu nwere acid

Mmiri mkpofu acidic bụ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri nke nwere pH uru na-erughị 6. Dị ka ụdị dị iche iche na ntinye nke acids si dị, mmiri mmiri acidic nwere ike kewaa n'ime mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ inorganic acid na organic acid waterwater.Mmiri acid siri ike na mmiri mkpofu acid na-adịghị ike;Monoacid mmiri mkpofu na polyacid mmiri mkpofu;Mmiri mkpofu acidic na-etinye obere uche na mmiri mkpofu acidic dị elu.Na-abụkarị mmiri mkpofu acidic, na mgbakwunye na ịnwe ụfọdụ acid, na-enwekarị ion metal dị arọ na nnu ha na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ.Mmiri mkpofu acid na-esite n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche, gụnyere drainage nke m, hydrometallurgy, steel rolling, n'elu acid ọgwụgwọ nke ígwè na ndị na-abụghị ferrous metals, chemical ụlọ ọrụ, acid mmepụta, e ji esiji, electrolysis, electroplating, artificial fibers na ndị ọzọ mmepụta ihe.Mmiri mkpofu acid nke a na-ahụkarị bụ mmiri mkpofu sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid na nitric acid na-esochi ya.Kwa afọ, China na-achọ ịwepụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde cubic mita nke ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ, ọ bụrụ na a na-ewepụ mmiri mkpofu ndị a ozugbo na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ, ọ ga-emebi pipeline, mebie ihe ọkụkụ, merụọ azụ, mebie ụgbọ mmiri, ma bibie ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi.A ga-agwọrịrị mmiri mkpofu acid nke ụlọ ọrụ iji mezuo ụkpụrụ mwepu nke mba tupu ahapụ ya, enwere ike ịmegharị ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ.Mgbe ị na-agwọ acid mkpofu, ụzọ ndị a nwere ike ịhọrọ gụnyere ọgwụgwọ nnu, usoro ntinye uche, usoro neutralization nke kemịkalụ, usoro mmịpụta, usoro resin mgbanwe ion, usoro nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ, wdg.

1. nnu si emegharị ihe

Ihe a na-akpọ salting out bụ iji nnukwu mmiri nnu juputara na-ebuli ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ adịghị ọcha niile dị na acid mkpofu.Otú ọ dị, usoro a ga-emepụta hydrochloric acid ma na-emetụta mgbake na itinye n'ọrụ nke sulfuric acid na mkpofu acid, ya mere, usoro nke salting si organic adịghị ọcha na n'efu acid na sodium bisulphate saturated ngwọta a mụrụ.
Acid mkpofu ahụ nwere sulfuric acid na ụdị adịghị ọcha dị iche iche, bụ nke kachasị ntakịrị 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4 sulfonic acid na isomers dị iche iche na-abụghị 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid nke toluene mepụtara. usoro nke sulfonation, chlorination na nitrification.Ụzọ nnupụpụ nnu bụ iji nnukwu mmiri nnu juputara na-ebupụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ adịghị ọcha niile dị na acid mkpofu.Usoro nke imegharị nnu nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị wepụ ihe adịghị ọcha dị iche iche nke organic na acid mkpofu, kamakwa na-agbake sulfuric acid iji tinye n'ime mmepụta okirikiri, na-azọpụta ego na ike.

2. Ụzọ esi nri

A na-etinye usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ na acid na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka hydrochloric acid, nke kewapụrụ na ngwọta site n'ọkụ iji nweta mmetụta mgbake.

3. Usoro neutralization chemical

Mmeghachi omume isi acid-base nke H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O bụkwa ihe ndabere dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nwere acid.Ụzọ ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu nke nwere acid na-agụnye neutralization na recycling, otu neutralization nke acid-base mmiri mkpofu, ọgwụ neutralization, filtration neutralization, wdg N'oge mbụ nke ụfọdụ ígwè na ígwè ụlọ ọrụ na China, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eji usoro. nnọpụiche acid-base iji gwọọ mmiri mkpofu nke hydrochloric acid na sulfuric acid pickling, nke mere na uru pH ruru ọkọlọtọ mwepụta.Sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide, limestone ma ọ bụ wayo dị ka akụrụngwa maka acid-base neutralization, n'ozuzu ojiji dị ọnụ ala, mfe ime wayo.

4. Usoro mmịpụta

Mwepụta mmiri mmiri, nke a makwaara dị ka mmịpụta ihe mgbaze, bụ ọrụ otu nke na-eji ọdịiche dị na solubility nke ihe ndị dị na mmiri mmiri akụrụngwa na ihe mgbaze kwesịrị ekwesị iji nweta nkewa.N'ime ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri mkpofu nke nwere acid, ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na-ebufe na ihe mgbaze.Ihe ndị a chọrọ bụ: (1) n'ihi na acid mkpofu bụ inert, anaghị emeghachi omume n'ụzọ kemịkal na acid mkpofu, ọ dịghị agbaze n'ime acid mkpofu;(2) Ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na acid mkpofu nwere oke nkebi nkewa na extractant na sulfuric acid;(3) Ọnụ ego ahụ dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe ịnweta;(4) Ọ dị mfe ikewapụ na adịghị ọcha, obere mfu mgbe ị na-ewepụ ihe.Ihe ndị a na-emepụtakarị gụnyere benzene (toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene), phenols (creosote crude diphenol), halogenated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, dichloroethane), isopropyl ether na N-503.

5. ion mgbanwe resin usoro

Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke ịgwọ mmiri mmiri na-ekpofu acid organic site na resin mgbanwe ion bụ na ụfọdụ resins mgbanwe ion nwere ike ịmịnye acids organic na ngwọta acid n'efu ma wepụ inorganic acid na salts metal iji nweta nkewa nke acid na salts dị iche iche.

6. usoro nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ

Maka mmiri mkpofu acidic, a pụkwara iji ụzọ ọgwụgwọ akpụkpọ ahụ dị ka dialysis na electrodialysis.Mweghachi nke acid mkpofu nke membrane na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke dialysis, nke na-ebute ọdịiche itinye uche.Ngwa niile mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ dialysis mgbasa ozi, efere mmiri na-ekesa, efere na-agba ume, etiti efere mmiri na-asọpụta, wdg, wee nweta mmetụta nkewa site na ikewa ihe dị na mmiri mkpofu.

7. usoro crystallization jụrụ oyi

Usoro kristal na-ajụ oyi bụ ụzọ iji belata okpomọkụ nke ngwọta ma mee ka solute.A na-eji ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ acid na-ekpofu ihe na-eme ka ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na-eme ka ọ dị mma iji nwetaghachi ngwọta acid nke na-emezu ihe ndị a chọrọ ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, sulfuric acid n'efu nke a na-esi na usoro ịsacha acyl nke igwe igwe na-atụgharị nwere nnukwu sulfate ferrous, nke a na-agwọ ya site na usoro ntinye-crystallization na filtration.Mgbe e wepụrụ sulfate ferrous site na nzacha, enwere ike iweghachi acid ahụ na usoro nchịkọta nchara maka iji ya na-aga n'ihu.
crystallization jụrụ oyi nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-egosi ebe a site na pickling usoro na metal nhazi.N'ime usoro nhazi ígwè na ígwè ọrụ, a na-ejikarị ngwọta sulfuric acid wepụ nchara n'elu ígwè.Ya mere, imegharị nke acid mkpofu nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa ma chebe gburugburu ebe obibi.A na-eji crystallization jụrụ oyi na ụlọ ọrụ iji nweta usoro a.

8. Usoro oxidation

A na-eji usoro a eme ihe ruo ogologo oge, ụkpụrụ ahụ bụ imebi ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na sulfuric acid n'efu site na ndị ọrụ oxidizing n'okpuru ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị, nke mere na ọ nwere ike gbanwee n'ime carbon dioxide, mmiri, nitrogen oxides, wdg. kewapụrụ na sulfuric acid, nke mere na sulfuric acid n'efu nwere ike sachaa ma nwetaghachi ya.Ihe ndị oxidants na-ejikarị bụ hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitrate, ozone na ndị ọzọ.Onye ọ bụla oxidizer nwere uru na njedebe ya.