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Uria
Ọ bụ ihe mejupụtara ya bụ carbon, nitrogen, oxygen na hydrogen, otu n'ime ogige ndị dị mfe organic, ma bụrụ isi nitrogen nwere njedebe nke protein metabolism na ire ere na anụ mammals na ụfọdụ azụ, na amonia na carbon na-emepụta urea. dioxide na ụlọ ọrụ n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ.
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Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate bụ ngwakọta ọcha, granular, efere ma ọ bụ kristal kọlụm, isi amonia.Ammonium bicarbonate bụ ụdị carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate nwere ammonium ion na usoro kemịkalụ, bụ ụdị nnu ammonium, na nnu ammonium enweghị ike ijikọ ya na alkali, yabụ, a naghị etinye ammonium bicarbonate na sodium hydroxide ma ọ bụ calcium hydroxide. .
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Potassium Carbonate
Ihe inorganic, gbazere dị ka ntụ ntụ kristal na-acha ọcha, soluble na mmiri, alkaline na ngwọta mmiri, nke na-adịghị edozi na ethanol, acetone, na ether.Hygroscopic siri ike, nke ekpughere na ikuku nwere ike itinye carbon dioxide na mmiri, n'ime potassium bicarbonate.
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Potassium chloride
Ngwakọta inorganic nke yiri nnu n'ọdịdị, nwere kristal na-acha ọcha na nnukwu nnu, enweghị isi, na ụtọ adịghị egbu egbu.Soluble na mmiri, ether, glycerol na alkali, ubé soluble na ethanol, ma insoluble na anhydrous ethanol, hygroscopic, mfe caking;Solubility na mmiri na-abawanye ngwa ngwa site na mmụba nke okpomọkụ, na-ejikarị nnu sodium na-emepụtaghachi nnu ọhụrụ potassium.
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Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous sulfate bụ ihe inorganic, crystalline hydrate bụ heptahydrate na nkịtị okpomọkụ, nke a na-akpọkarị "green alum", ìhè akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kristal, weathered na akọrọ ikuku, n'elu oxidation nke aja aja isi sulfate na iru mmiri ikuku, na 56.6 ℃ na-aghọ. tetrahydrate, na 65 ℃ ka ọ bụrụ monohydrate.Ferrous sulfate na-agbaze n'ime mmiri ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịsacha ya na ethanol.Ngwọta mmiri ya na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ekpo ọkụ na ikuku mgbe oyi na-atụ, na oxidizes ngwa ngwa mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ.Ịtinye alkali ma ọ bụ ikpughe na ìhè nwere ike mee ka oxidation ya dịkwuo elu.Njupụta ikwu (d15) bụ 1.897.
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Ammonium chloride
Ammonium salts nke hydrochloric acid, nke kachasị site na ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ alkali.Nitrogen ọdịnaya nke 24% ~ 26%, na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ ubé odo square ma ọ bụ octahedral obere kristal, ntụ ntụ na granular abụọ usoro onunu ogwu, granular ammonium chloride adịghị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri mmiri, dị mfe ịchekwa, na powdered ammonium chloride na-eji dị ka isi. fatịlaịza maka mmepụta nke ngwakọta fatịlaịza.Ọ bụ fatịlaịza acid physiological, nke a na-ekwesịghị itinye n'elu ala acidic na ala saline-alkali n'ihi chlorine ọzọ, na e kwesịghị iji ya mee ihe dị ka mkpụrụ fatịlaịza, fatịlaịza mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ fatịlaịza akwukwo.
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Magnesium chloride
Ihe inorganic nke mejupụtara 74.54% chlorine na 25.48% magnesium ma na-enwekarị mkpụrụ ndụ isii nke mmiri crystalline, MgCl2.6H2O.Kristal monoclinic, ma ọ bụ nnu, nwere ụfọdụ ihe na-emebi emebi.A na-emepụta magnesium oxide mgbe mmiri na hydrogen chloride na-efunahụ n'oge okpomọkụ.Na-agbaze ntakịrị na acetone, soluble na mmiri, ethanol, methanol, pyridine.Ọ na-ewepụ ma na-ebute anwụrụ ọkụ n'ikuku mmiri, ma na-ebuli elu mgbe ọ na-acha ọcha na mmiri gas nke hydrogen.
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4A Zeolite
Ọ bụ alumino-silicic acid eke, ore nnu na-ere ọkụ, n'ihi na mmiri dị n'ime kristal na-achụpụ, na-emepụta ihe dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na esi, nke a na-akpọ "nkume esi" na oyiyi, nke a na-akpọ "zeolite". ”, eji mee ihe dị ka ihe inyeaka ncha na-enweghị phosphate, kama iji sodium tripolyphosphate;Na mmanụ ala na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, a na-eji ya dị ka ihicha, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na ịdị ọcha nke gas na mmiri mmiri, nakwa dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali na mmiri nro.
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Citric acid
Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa organic acid, colorless crystal, odorless, nwere ike utoojoo uto, mfe soluble na mmiri, tumadi ji nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ ụlọ ọrụ, ike ga-eji dị ka utoojoo gị n'ụlọnga, sizinin gị n'ụlọnga na preservative, preservative, nwekwara ike ga-eji na. kemịkalụ, ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ mma dị ka antioxidant, plasticizer, detergent, anhydrous citric acid nwekwara ike iji na ụlọ ọrụ nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ.
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Sodium silicate
Sodium silicate bụ ụdị silicate inorganic, nke a na-akpọkarị pyrophorine.Na2O·nSiO2 nke a na-emepụta site na nkedo akọrọ bụ nnukwu ma doo anya, ebe Na2O·nSiO2 nke mmiri mmiri na-emenyụ bụ granular, nke enwere ike iji naanị mgbe agbanwere ya na mmiri mmiri Na2O·nSiO2.Na2O·nSiO2 ngwaahịa siri ike bụ: ① nnukwu siri ike, ② ntụ ntụ siri ike, ③ ngwa ngwa sodium silicate, ④ mmiri sodium metasilicate efu, ⑤ sodium pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ sodium orthosilicate.
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Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Otu n'ime nnu sodium nke phosphoric acid, nnu inorganic acid, soluble na mmiri, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị ike na ethanol.Sodium dihydrogen phosphate bụ akụrụngwa maka imepụta sodium hempetaphosphate na sodium pyrophosphate.Ọ bụ monoclinic prismatic kristal transperent na-enweghị agba nwere njupụta nke 1.52g/cm².
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Sodium phosphate nke dibasic
Ọ bụ otu n'ime sodium salts nke phosphoric acid.Ọ bụ a deliquescent na-acha ọcha ntụ ntụ, soluble na mmiri, na aqueous ngwọta bụ adịghị ike alkaline.Disodium hydrogen phosphate dị mfe ihu igwe na ikuku, na ụlọ okpomọkụ enịm ke ikuku ida banyere 5 kristal mmiri na-etolite heptahydrate, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ruo 100 ℃ na-atụfu niile kristal mmiri n'ime anhydrous okwu, decomposition n'ime sodium pyrophosphate na 250 ℃.
