Àgwà anụ ahụ na ojiji nke calcium chloride
Calcium chloride bụ nnu nke ion chloride na calcium ion mepụtara. Calcium chloride nke na-anaghị amịkọrọ mmiri nwere ike ịmịkọrọ mmiri nke ọma, nke a na-eji dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ maka ihe dị iche iche, tinyere uzuzu okporo ụzọ, ihe na-emezi ala, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, ihe ndị e ji eme ọgwụ, ihe mgbakwunye nri, ihe mgbakwunye nri na ihe ndị e ji emepụta calcium ígwè.
Àgwà anụ ahụ nke calcium chloride
Calcium chloride bụ kristal cubic na-enweghị agba, ọcha ma ọ bụ ọcha, granular, blọk mmanụ aṅụ, spheroid, granular na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, ntụ ntụ. Ebe ịgbaze 782°C, njupụta 1.086 g/mL na 20°C, ebe esi mmiri 1600°C, mmiri na-agbaze 740 g/L. Ọ na-egbu egbu ntakịrị, enweghị isi, uto ilu ntakịrị. Ọ na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha nke ukwuu ma na-adị mfe iwepụ ya mgbe ikuku batara.
Ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri, ebe ọ na-ewepụta nnukwu okpomọkụ (ngụkọta calcium chloride nke -176.2cal/g), mmiri ya na-agbaze ntakịrị acidic. Ọ na-agbaze na mmanya, acetone, acetic acid. Site na mmeghachi omume na ammonia ma ọ bụ ethanol, e mepụtara CaCl2·8NH3 na CaCl2·4C2H5OH complexes, n'otu n'otu. N'okpomọkụ dị ala, mmiri ahụ na-agbaze ma na-asọpụta dị ka hexahydrate, nke a na-agbaze nwayọ nwayọ na mmiri kristal nke ya mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 30 Celsius, ma na-efunahụ mmiri nwayọ nwayọ mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 200 Celsius, ma na-aghọ dihydrate mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 260 ° C, nke na-aghọ calcium chloride ọcha nke na-adịghị agbaze.
Calcium chloride na-anaghị edozi ahụ
1, ihe ndị dị na anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ: kristal cubic na-enweghị agba, blọk ọcha ma ọ bụ nke na-acha ọcha ọcha ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike. Njupụta ya dị 2.15, ebe agbaze bụ 782℃, ebe esi mmiri dị n'elu 1600℃, ịdị ọcha siri ike, dị mfe iwepụ, dị mfe ịgbaze na mmiri, ebe ọ na-ewepụta ọtụtụ okpomọkụ, enweghị isi, uto ilu ntakịrị, mmiri mmiri ahụ dị ntakịrị acidic, na-agbaze na mmanya, mmanya acrylic, acetic acid.
2, ojiji ngwaahịa: Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ maka mmepụta agba ọdọ mmiri. Mmepụta nitrogen, gas acetylene, hydrogen chloride, oxygen na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha. A na-eji mmanya na-aba n'anya, ethers, esters na acrylic resins eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ, ihe ngwọta mmiri ha bụkwa ihe dị mkpa maka friji na friji. Ọ nwere ike ime ka simenti sie ike ngwa ngwa, mee ka simenti ghara iguzogide oyi, ma bụrụ ihe na-egbochi oyi. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe nchebe maka aluminum magnesium metallurgy, ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha.
Klaasị calcium chloride dị mfe
1, Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ: kristal enweghị agba, ngwaahịa a bụ kristal ọcha, nke na-acha ọcha. Uto ilu, na-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu.
Njupụta ya dị 0.835, ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri, mmiri mmiri ya na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ obere alkaline, ọ na-emebi emebi, ọ na-agbaze na mmanya ma ọ naghị agbaze na ether, a na-agbazekwa ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-anaghị agbaze mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 260℃. Njirimara kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ yiri calcium chloride anhydrous.
2, ọrụ na ojiji: flake calcium chloride eji eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri jupụta; ihe na-egbochi oyi; Aịs ma ọ bụ snoo a kpụrụ akpụ; ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ maka imecha na imecha ákwà owu; Ihe nchekwa osisi; Mmepụta rọba dị ka ihe na-apịachi; A na-eji starch agwakọtara agwakọta eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma.
Mmiri ihe ngwọta nke calcium chloride
Mmiri calcium chloride nwere njirimara nke ikesa mmiri, ebe oyi na-ebelata karịa mmiri, okpomọkụ na-apụ n'anya mgbe ọ na-emetụ mmiri aka, ma nwee ọrụ ịmịkọrọ mmiri nke ọma, enwere ike iji ebe oyi na-ebelata ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ebe ọha na eze.
Ọrụ nke ngwọta calcium chloride:
1. Alkaline: Calcium ion hydrolysis bụ alkaline, hydrogen chloride na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe chloride ion hydrolysis gasịrị.
2, conduction: enwere ion dị na ngwọta ahụ nke nwere ike ịkwaga n'enweghị nsogbu.
3, ebe oyi: ebe oyi na-atụ calcium chloride dị ala karịa mmiri.
4, ebe esi mmiri: ebe esi mmiri nke calcium chloride dị elu karịa mmiri.
5, Mkpuchi ikuku: Mkpuchi mmiri nke calcium chloride, Mkpuchi ikuku nke hydrogen chloride, ga-adị n'ime ikuku jupụtara na hydrogen chloride.
Desiccant
Enwere ike iji calcium chloride mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka gas na mmiri organic ghara ịgwụ. Agbanyeghị, a pụghị iji ya kpọọ ethanol na ammonia nkụ, n'ihi na ethanol na ammonia na-emeghachi omume na calcium chloride iji mepụta ihe mejupụtara mmanya CaCl2·4C2H5OH na ammonia complex CaCl2·8NH3, n'otu n'otu. Enwere ike iji calcium chloride nke na-anaghị agbaze agbaze mee ihe n'ụlọ nke a na-eji dị ka ihe na-eme ka ikuku dị ọcha, FDA akwadola calcium chloride nke na-anaghị agbaze agbaze dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ maka enyemaka mbụ, ọrụ ya bụ ijide n'aka na ọnya ahụ kpọrọ nkụ.
Ebe ọ bụ na calcium chloride anaghị anọpụ iche, ọ nwere ike ịkpọ nkụ gas acidic ma ọ bụ alkaline na mmiri organic, kamakwa n'ime ụlọ nyocha iji mepụta obere gas dịka nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, wdg, mgbe a na-akpọ nkụ gas ndị a mepụtara. A na-ejikarị calcium chloride nke na-anaghị agbaze agbaze eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri jupụta paịpụ ndị na-akpọ nkụ, a pụkwara iji nnukwu algae (ma ọ bụ ntụ ahịhịa) nke a kpọrọ nkụ na calcium chloride mee ihe maka mmepụta soda ash. Ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri kọọ n'ụlọ na-eji calcium chloride amịkọrọ mmiri site na ikuku.
A na-agbasa calcium chloride nke na-anaghị agbaze n'elu ájá okporo ụzọ, a na-ejikwa ihe onwunwe hygroscopic nke calcium chloride nke na-anaghị agbaze n'ime ikuku mee ka mmiri dị n'ikuku gbazee mgbe iru mmiri ikuku dị ala karịa ebe igirigi iji mee ka elu okporo ụzọ dị mmiri mmiri, iji chịkwaa uzuzu dị n'okporo ụzọ.
Deicing na ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ jụrụ oyi
Calcium chloride nwere ike ibelata ebe mmiri na-ajụ oyi, ịgbasa ya n'okporo ụzọ nwere ike igbochi oyi na-atụ na mmiri na-agbaze, mana mmiri nnu sitere na snow na ice na-agbaze nwere ike imebi ala na ahịhịa n'okporo ụzọ ma mebie simenti okporo ụzọ. Enwere ike ịgwakọta mmiri calcium chloride na ice kpọrọ nkụ iji kwadebe bat oyi na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ. A na-etinye ice kpọrọ nkụ na mmiri brine n'ọtụtụ oge ruo mgbe ice pụtara na sistemụ ahụ. Enwere ike idobe okpomọkụ kwụsiri ike nke bat ahụ na-ajụ oyi site na ụdị na njupụta nke mmiri nnu dị iche iche. A na-ejikarị calcium chloride eme ihe dị ka ihe e ji emepụta nnu, a na-enwetakwa okpomọkụ kwụsiri ike achọrọ site n'ịgbanwe mkpokọta ahụ, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na calcium chloride dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe inweta, kamakwa n'ihi na okpomọkụ eutectic nke ngwọta calcium chloride (ya bụ, okpomọkụ mgbe a chịkọtara ihe ngwọta ahụ iji mepụta obere nnu ice) dị obere, nke nwere ike iru -51.0 ° C, nke mere na oke okpomọkụ a na-agbanwe agbanwe dị site na 0 ° C ruo -51 ° C. Enwere ike ime usoro a na karama Dewar nwere mmetụta mkpuchi, a pụkwara iji ya na akpa plastik izugbe iji jide bat oyi mgbe olu karama Dewar pere mpe ma ọ dị mkpa ịkwadebe ọtụtụ ngwọta nnu, n'ọnọdụ nke a, okpomọkụ ahụ na-adịkwa mma karị.
Dị ka isi iyi nke calcium ions
Ịtinye calcium chloride na mmiri ọdọ mmiri nwere ike ime ka mmiri ọdọ mmiri bụrụ ihe nchekwa pH ma mee ka mmiri ọdọ mmiri sie ike, nke nwere ike ibelata mbuze nke mgbidi simenti. Dịka ụkpụrụ Le Chatelier na mmetụta isoionic si dị, ịbawanye njupụta nke calcium ion na mmiri ọdọ mmiri na-ebelata mgbasa nke calcium compounds ndị dị mkpa maka ihe owuwu simenti.
Ịtinye calcium chloride na mmiri nke aquariums Marine na-eme ka calcium dị ndụ dịkwuo elu, mollusks na anụmanụ coelintestinal a zụlitere na aquariums na-ejikwa ya emepụta calcium carbonate shells. Ọ bụ ezie na calcium hydroxide ma ọ bụ calcium reactor nwere ike imezu otu ebumnuche ahụ, itinye calcium chloride bụ ụzọ kachasị ọsọ ma nwee obere mmetụta na pH nke mmiri.
Calcium chloride maka ojiji ndị ọzọ
Ọdịdị nke calcium chloride na-agbaze ma na-eme ka ọ dị n'èzí na-eme ka e jiri ya mee ihe n'ime ite na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ nke na-ekpo ọkụ onwe ya.
Calcium chloride nwere ike inye aka mee ka ntọala mbụ dị na simenti dị ngwa, mana ion chloride nwere ike ibute ire ere nke ogwe ígwè, yabụ enweghị ike iji calcium chloride mee ihe na simenti siri ike. Calcium chloride nke na-anaghị amị amị nwere ike inye mmiri mmiri ụfọdụ na simenti n'ihi na ọ nwere hygroscopicity.
N'ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala, a na-eji calcium chloride eme ka njupụta nke brine siri ike na-enweghị ihe siri ike dịkwuo elu, a pụkwara itinye ya na mmiri mmiri nke mmiri mmiri emulsified iji gbochie mmụba nke ụrọ. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-agbaze iji belata ebe agbaze n'usoro mmepụta sodium metal site na mgbaze electrolytic nke sodium chloride site na usoro Davy. Mgbe a na-eme seramiiki, a na-eji calcium chloride dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị mejupụtara ya, nke ga-ekwe ka a kwụnye irighiri ụrọ n'ime ngwọta ahụ, ka irighiri ụrọ ahụ wee dịrị mfe iji mgbe a na-egweri ya.
Calcium chloride bụkwa ihe mgbakwunye na plastik na ihe eji emenyụ ọkụ, dị ka ihe nzacha na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu, dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ọkụ ọkụ iji chịkwaa mkpokọta na njikọta nke ihe ndị e ji eme ihe iji zere idozi chajị ahụ, yana dị ka ihe na-agbaze ákwà dị nro.