Kemịkalụ na usoro maka iwepụ ammonia nitrogen na mmiri

1. Gịnị bụ ammonia nitrogen?

Nitrogen Ammonia na-ezo aka na ammonia n'ụdị ammonia efu (ma ọ bụ ammonia na-abụghị ionic, NH3) ma ọ bụ ammonia ionic (NH4+). PH dị elu na oke dị elu nke ammonia efu; N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, oke nke nnu ammonium dị elu.

Amonia nitrogen bụ ihe na-edozi ahụ dị na mmiri, nke nwere ike ibute mmiri eutrophic, ọ bụkwa ihe na-emetọ ikuku oxygen na mmiri, nke na-egbu azụ̀ na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mmiri.

Mmetụta ọjọọ nke ammonia nitrogen nwere n'ahụ ihe ndị dị ndụ dị n'ime mmiri bụ ammonia efu, nke nsị ya karịrị nke nnu ammonium ugboro iri na abụọ, ma na-abawanye ka alkalinity na-abawanye. Nsí ammonia nitrogen nwere njikọ chiri anya na uru pH na okpomọkụ mmiri nke mmiri ọdọ mmiri, n'ozuzu, ka uru pH na okpomọkụ mmiri dị elu, otú ahụ ka nsí ahụ si esi ike.

Ụzọ abụọ dị ka ihe na-egosi mmetụta nke ammonia bụ usoro Nessler reagent nke oge gboo na usoro phenol-hypochlorite. A na-ejikarị usoro titration na ụzọ eletriki achọpụta ammonia; Mgbe ọdịnaya ammonia nitrogen dị elu, enwere ike iji usoro distillation titration. (Ụkpụrụ mba gụnyere usoro reagent Nath, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, usoro distillation – titration)

2. Usoro mwepụ nitrogen nke anụ ahụ na nke kemịkalụ

① Usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ

Usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ, nke a makwaara dịka usoro mmiri ozuzo MAP, bụ itinye magnesium na phosphoric acid ma ọ bụ hydrogen phosphate na mmiri mkpofu nwere ammonia nitrogen, ka NH4+ dị na mmiri mkpofu ahụ meghachi omume na Mg+ na PO4- na mmiri mmiri iji mepụta mmiri ozuzo ammonia magnesium phosphate, usoro molekul bụ MgNH4P04.6H20, iji mezuo ebumnuche nke iwepụ ammonia nitrogen. Enwere ike iji Magnesium ammonium phosphate, nke a na-akpọkarị struvite, dị ka compost, ihe mgbakwunye ala ma ọ bụ ihe na-egbochi ọkụ maka iwuli ngwaahịa owuwu. Usoro mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04

Isi ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ bụ uru pH, okpomọkụ, njupụta nitrogen ammonia na oke molar (n(Mg+): n(NH4+): n(P04-)). Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na mgbe uru pH bụ 10 na oke molar nke magnesium, nitrogen na phosphorus bụ 1.2:1:1.2, mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ ka mma.

Site n'iji magnesium chloride na disodium hydrogen phosphate mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịpụ apụ, nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ ka mma mgbe uru pH bụ 9.5 na oke molar nke magnesium, nitrogen na phosphorus bụ 1.2:1:1.

Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 dị mma karịa ngwakọta ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mmiri kọọ. Mgbe uru pH bụ 10.0, okpomọkụ bụ 30℃, n(Mg+): n(NH4+): n(P04-)= 1:1:1, oke mkpokọta nitrogen ammonia dị na mmiri mkpofu mgbe agwakọtara ya ruo nkeji iri atọ na-ebelata site na 222mg/L tupu ọgwụgwọ ruo 17mg/L, ọnụego mwepụ ya bụkwa 92.3%.

E jikọtara usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ na usoro akpụkpọ ahụ mmiri mmiri maka ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị elu. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke imeziwanye usoro mmiri ozuzo, ọnụego mwepụ nke ammonia nitrogen ruru 98.1%, wee jiri usoro mmiri mmiri belata mkpokọta ammonia nitrogen ruo 0.005g/L, ruo na ọkọlọtọ ikuku nke ọkwa mbụ nke mba ahụ.

A nyochachara mmetụta mwepụ nke ion ígwè divalent (Ni+, Mn+, Zn+, Cu+, Fe+) na-abụghị Mg+ na ammonia nitrogen n'okpuru ọrụ nke phosphate. A tụrụ aro usoro ọhụrụ nke mmiri ozuzo CaSO4 maka mmiri mkpofu ammonium sulfate. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na enwere ike iji lime dochie ihe na-achịkwa NaOH ọdịnala.

Uru nke usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ bụ na mgbe oke mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen dị elu, ojiji nke usoro ndị ọzọ na-ebelata, dịka usoro bayoloji, usoro break point chlorination, usoro nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ, usoro mgbanwe ion, wdg. N'oge a, enwere ike iji usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ maka ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo. Nwepụ arụmọrụ nke usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ ka mma, ọ bụghịkwa site na okpomọkụ, ọrụ ahụ dịkwa mfe. Enwere ike iji sludge a kpọchiri akpọchi nwere magnesium ammonium phosphate dị ka fatịlaịza mejupụtara iji mezuo ojiji mkpofu, si otú a na-ebelata akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa; Ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ijikọ ya na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta mmiri mkpofu phosphate na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emepụta nnu brine, ọ nwere ike ịchekwa ọnụ ahịa ọgwụ ma mee ka ojiji buru ibu dịkwuo mfe.

Ihe na-adịghị mma nke usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ bụ na n'ihi mmachi nke ngwaahịa ammonium magnesium phosphate na-agbaze, mgbe nitrogen ammonia dị na mmiri mkpofu ruru oke njupụta, mmetụta mwepụ ahụ apụtaghị ìhè, ọnụ ahịa ntinye ya na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Ya mere, a ga-eji usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ na njikọta ya na ụzọ ndị ọzọ dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ dị elu. Ọnụọgụ reagent ejiri buru ibu, sludge emepụtara buru ibu, ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ dịkwa elu. Ntinye nke ion chloride na phosphorus fọdụrụnụ n'oge a na-etinye kemịkalụ nwere ike ibute mmetọ nke abụọ ngwa ngwa.

Onye Mmepụta na Onye Na-ebunye Aluminom Sulfate N'ogbe | EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)

Onye Mmepụta na Onye Na-ebunye Dibasic Sodium Phosphate n'ogbe | EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)

②usoro iwepụ ihe

Iwepụ ammonia nitrogen site na usoro ịfụ afụ bụ ịgbanwe uru pH ka ọ bụrụ alkaline, ka a na-agbanwe ammonia ion dị na mmiri mkpofu ka ọ bụrụ ammonia, ka o wee dịrị n'ụdị ammonia efu, wee wepụta ammonia efu site na mmiri mkpofu site na gas ebuga ya, iji mezuo ebumnuche nke iwepụ ammonia nitrogen. Isi ihe ndị na-emetụta arụmọrụ ịfụ afụ bụ uru pH, okpomọkụ, oke gas-mmiri mmiri, ọnụego mbufe gas, ntinye mbụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ugbu a, a na-eji usoro ịfụ afụ eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu nwere oke ammonia nitrogen.

A mụrụ ụzọ e si ewepụ ammonia nitrogen site na mmiri mkpofu site na iji usoro mmiri okpo. A chọpụtara na ihe ndị bụ isi na-achịkwa arụmọrụ nke mmiri okpofu bụ okpomọkụ, oke gas na mmiri okpofu na uru pH. Mgbe okpomọkụ mmiri karịrị 2590, oke gas na mmiri okpofu bụ ihe dị ka 3500, pH dịkwa ihe dị ka 10.5, ọnụego mwepụ nwere ike iru ihe karịrị 90% maka mmiri mkpofu ebe a na-etinye ammonia nitrogen dị elu dịka 2000-4000mg/L. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na mgbe pH = 11.5, okpomọkụ iwepụ bụ 80cC na oge iwepụ apụ bụ nkeji 120, ọnụego mwepụ ammonia nitrogen na mmiri mkpofu nwere ike iru 99.2%.

E ji ụlọ elu ikuku na-agba ọsọ mee ka mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen dị elu rụọ ọrụ nke ọma. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na arụmọrụ ikuku na-agba ọsọ mụbara ka uru pH na-abawanye. Ka oke gas na mmiri mmiri na-agba ọsọ dịkwuo ukwuu, otú ahụ ka ike mbufe ibufe ammonia na-agba ọsọ na-abawanye, arụmọrụ iwepụ ihe na-agba ọsọ na-abawanyekwa.

Iwepụ ammonia nitrogen site na iji usoro ịfụ afụ dị irè, ọ dị mfe iji, ọ dịkwa mfe ijikwa. Enwere ike iji ammonia nitrogen a gbawara agbawa mee ihe dị ka ihe na-amịkọrọ ihe na sulfuric acid, a pụkwara iji ego sulfuric acid emepụta dị ka fatịlaịza. Usoro ịfụ afụ bụ teknụzụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka iwepụ nitrogen anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ ugbu a. Agbanyeghị, usoro ịfụ afụ nwere ụfọdụ ọghọm, dị ka ịfụ afụ afụ ugboro ugboro na ụlọ elu ịfụ afụ, obere arụmọrụ iwepụ ammonia nitrogen na obere okpomọkụ, na mmetọ nke abụọ nke gas ịfụ afụ na-akpata. A na-ejikọkarị usoro ịfụ afụ na ụzọ ọgwụgwọ mmiri nsị ammonia nitrogen ndị ọzọ iji gwọọ mmiri nsị ammonia nitrogen dị elu.

③Mbelata chlorine nke ebe njedebe

Usoro e si ewepụ ammonia site na iji klorin mee ihe bụ na gas klorine na-emeghachi omume na ammonia iji mepụta gas nitrogen na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, N2 na-agbagakwa n'ikuku, na-eme ka isi iyi mmeghachi omume ahụ gaa n'aka nri. Usoro mmeghachi omume ahụ bụ:

HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Mgbe a na-ebufe gas chlorine n'ime mmiri mkpofu ruo ebe ụfọdụ, ọdịnaya nke chlorine efu dị na mmiri ahụ na-adị ala, mkpokọta ammonia na-adịkwa efu. Mgbe ọnụọgụ gas chlorine gafere ebe ahụ, ọnụọgụ chlorine efu dị na mmiri ahụ ga-abawanye, ya mere, a na-akpọ ebe ahụ ebe nkwụsị, a na-akpọkwa chlorine efu dị na steeti a chlorine efu.

A na-eji usoro chlorine point break point agwọ mmiri mkpofu mgbe a gbasịrị nitrogen ammonia, mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ na-emetụta ozugbo site na usoro ammonia nitrogen tupu a gwọọ ya. Mgbe ewepụrụ nitrogen ammonia 70% dị na mmiri mkpofu site na usoro afụ wee gwọọ ya site na chlorine point break point, oke nitrogen ammonia dị na mmiri mkpofu ahụ erughị 15mg/L. Zhang Shengli na ndị otu ya jiri mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nke e mere ka ọ dị ka ihe nyocha ahụ, nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ gosikwara na isi ihe na nke abụọ na-emetụta mwepụ nke nitrogen ammonia site na oxidation nke sodium hypochlorite bụ oke ọnụọgụ nke chlorine na nitrogen ammonia, oge mmeghachi omume, na uru pH.

Usoro chlorine nke ebe a na-agbaze nwere oke arụmọrụ iwepụ nitrogen, ọnụego mwepụ nwere ike iru 100%, enwere ike ibelata mkpokọta ammonia na mmiri mkpofu ka ọ bụrụ efu. Mmetụta ya kwụsiri ike ma ọ dịghị emetụta okpomọkụ; Ngwa itinye ego pere mpe, nzaghachi ngwa ngwa na zuru oke; Ọ nwere mmetụta nke sterilization na nje na ahụ mmiri. Oke ojiji nke usoro chlorine nke ebe a na-agbaze bụ na ntinye nke mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen erughị 40mg/L, yabụ a na-ejikarị usoro chlorine nke ebe a na-agbaze maka ọgwụgwọ dị elu nke mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen. Ihe achọrọ maka ojiji na nchekwa dị mma dị elu, ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ dị elu, ihe ndị sitere na ngwaahịa chloramines na ihe ndị a na-akpọ chlorine ga-akpata mmetọ nke abụọ.

④usoro oxidation catalytic

Usoro oxidation catalytic bụ site na ọrụ nke catalyst, n'okpuru okpomọkụ na nrụgide ụfọdụ, site na oxidation ikuku, enwere ike oxidize ihe organic na ammonia na nsị mmiri ma gbazee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ dịka CO2, N2 na H2O, iji mezuo ebumnuche nke ịsacha.

Ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta nke oxidation catalytic bụ njirimara ihe mkpali, okpomọkụ, oge mmeghachi omume, uru pH, ntinye nitrogen ammonia, nrụgide, ike mkpali na ihe ndị ọzọ.

A mụrụ usoro mmebi nke ammonia nitrogen ozonated. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na mgbe uru pH mụbara, e mepụtara ụdị HO radical nwere ikike oxidation siri ike, a gbakwara ọsọ oxidation nke ukwuu. Ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi na ozone nwere ike oxidize ammonia nitrogen ka ọ bụrụ nitrite na nitrite ka ọ bụrụ nitrate. Ntinye nke ammonia nitrogen na mmiri na-ebelata ka oge na-aga, ọnụego mwepụ nke ammonia nitrogen dị ihe dị ka 82%. Ejiri CuO-Mn02-Ce02 dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali iji gwọọ mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen. Nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ na-egosi na ọrụ oxidation nke ihe na-akpali akpali ọhụrụ a kwadebere na-akawanye mma nke ukwuu, ọnọdụ usoro kwesịrị ekwesị dịkwa 255℃, 4.2MPa na pH=10.8. N'ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen na mkpokọta mbụ nke 1023mg/L, ọnụego mwepụ nke ammonia nitrogen nwere ike iru 98% n'ime nkeji 150, na-eru ọkọlọtọ mwepụ nke mba (50mg/L).

A nyochachara arụmọrụ nke ihe na-akpali akpali ... (TiO2 photocatalyst) bụ 1.5g/L, oge mmeghachi omume ya bụ awa 4 n'okpuru ìhè ultraviolet. A mụrụ ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mwepụ nke ihe na-akpali akpali nke ihe na-akpali agụụ nke ihe na-

Usoro oxidation nke catalytic nwere uru dị na arụmọrụ dị elu nke nhicha, usoro dị mfe, obere mpaghara ala, wdg, a na-ejikwa ya agwọ mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta. Ihe isi ike itinye ya bụ otu esi egbochi mfu nke ihe mkpali na nchedo nchara nke akụrụngwa.

⑤usoro oxidation elektrọnik

Usoro oxidation electrochemical na-ezo aka n'ụzọ e si ewepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ n'ime mmiri site na iji electrooxidation na ọrụ catalytic. Ihe ndị na-emetụta ya bụ njupụta ugbu a, ọnụego mmiri ịbanye, oge ọpụpụ na oge ngwọta ebe.

A mụrụ nyocha nke oxidation electrochemical nke mmiri mkpofu ammonia-nitrogen dị na sel electrolytic na-agagharị agagharị, ebe ihe dị mma bụ ọkụ eletrik netwọk Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 ebe ihe na-adịghị mma bụ ọkụ eletrik netwọk Ti. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na mgbe mkpokọta ion chloride dị 400mg/L, mkpokọta nitrogen ammonia mbụ bụ 40mg/L, ọnụego mmiri na-emetụta bụ 600mL/min, njupụta ugbu a bụ 20mA/cm, oge electrolytic bụ nkeji 90, ọnụego mwepụ nitrogen ammonia bụ 99.37%. Ọ na-egosi na oxidation electrolytic nke mmiri mkpofu ammonia-nitrogen nwere atụmanya ojiji dị mma.

3. Usoro iwepụ nitrogen sitere na biochemical

①nitrification na denitrification dum

Usoro dum nke nitrification na denitrification bụ ụdị usoro bayoloji nke ejirila mee ihe ruo ogologo oge ugbu a. Ọ na-agbanwe ammonia nitrogen dị na mmiri mkpofu ka ọ bụrụ nitrogen site na usoro mmeghachi omume dịka nitrification na denitrification n'okpuru ọrụ nke ọtụtụ nje bacteria dị iche iche, iji mezuo ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu. Usoro nke nitrification na denitrification iji wepụ ammonia nitrogen kwesịrị ịgafe usoro abụọ:

Mmeghachi omume Nitrification: A na-emecha mmeghachi omume nitrification site na nje ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ime aerobic. N'ọnọdụ aerobic, a na-eji nitrogen inorganic eme ihe dị ka isi iyi nitrogen iji gbanwee NH4+ ka ọ bụrụ NO2-, wee mee ka ọ bụrụ NO3-. Enwere ike kewaa usoro nitrification n'ime usoro abụọ. Na nkebi nke abụọ, a na-agbanwe nitrite ka ọ bụrụ nitrate (NO3-) site na nje bacteria nitrifying, a na-agbanwe nitrite ka ọ bụrụ nitrate (NO3-) site na nje bacteria nitrifying.

Mmeghachi omume Denitrification: Mmeghachi omume Denitrification bụ usoro nke nje bacteria na-ebelata nitrite nitrogen na nitrate nitrogen gaa na gas nitrogen (N2) n'ọnọdụ hypoxia. Bakteria na-ebelata bụ nje ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ nje bacteria amphictic. N'ọnọdụ hypoxia, ha na-eji oxygen dị na nitrate dị ka ihe nnabata electron na ihe organic (BOD component in the water) dị ka onye na-enye electron iji nye ike ma bụrụ nke a na-eme ka ọ dị mma ma kwụsie ike.

Ngwa injinia nitrification na denitrification dum gụnyere AO, A2O, oxidation ditch, wdg, nke bụ usoro tozuru oke eji eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mwepụ nitrogen bayoloji.

Usoro nitrification na denitrification dum nwere uru nke mmetụta kwụsiri ike, ọrụ dị mfe, enweghị mmetọ nke abụọ na ọnụ ala dị ala. Usoro a nwekwara ụfọdụ ihe ndọghachi azụ, dịka a ga-agbakwunye isi iyi carbon mgbe oke C/N dị na mmiri mkpofu dị ala, ihe achọrọ maka okpomọkụ siri ike, arụmọrụ dị ala na obere okpomọkụ, mpaghara ahụ buru ibu, ọchịchọ oxygen buru ibu, ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka ion ígwè dị arọ nwere mmetụta dị ngwa ngwa na obere nje, nke kwesịrị iwepụ tupu e mee usoro bayoloji. Na mgbakwunye, oke njupụta nke ammonia nitrogen na mmiri mkpofu nwekwara mmetụta mgbochi na usoro nitrification. Ya mere, a ga-eme ọgwụgwọ tupu e gwọọ mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen dị elu ka njupụta nke mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen dị erughị 500mg/L. Usoro bayoloji ọdịnala dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen dị ala nke nwere ihe organic, dị ka nsị ụlọ, mmiri mkpofu kemịkalụ, wdg.

②Ntọala na Denitrification n'otu oge (SND)

Mgbe a na-eme nitrification na denitrification ọnụ n'otu ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma. Ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma ghara ịdị mma, ọ na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma ghara ịdị mma. Nke a na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma ghara ịdị mma. Ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma ghara ịdị mma bụ uru PH, okpomọkụ, alkalinity, isi iyi carbon organic, oxygen agbazere agbaze na afọ sludge.

Ngụkọta nitrification/denitrification n'otu oge dị n'ime olulu oxidation Carrousel, ntinye oxygen agbazere agbaze n'etiti impeller aerated na olulu oxidation Carrousel belatara nwayọ nwayọ, oxygen agbazere agbaze na mpaghara ala nke olulu oxidation Carrousel dị ala karịa nke dị n'akụkụ elu. Ọnụego nhazi na oriri nke nitrogen nitrate na akụkụ ọ bụla nke ọwa ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ hà nhata, ntinye nke nitrogen ammonia na ọwa ahụ na-adịkarị ala mgbe niile, nke na-egosi na mmeghachi omume nitrification na denitrification na-eme n'otu oge na ọwa oxidation Carrousel.

Nnyocha e mere gbasara ọgwụgwọ nsị mmiri n'ụlọ na-egosi na ka CODCr na-arị elu, otú ahụ ka denitrification ahụ si jupụta ma na-eme ka mwepụ TN ka mma. Mmetụta nke oxygen gbazere agbaze na nitrification na denitrification n'otu oge dị mma. Mgbe a na-achịkwa oxygen agbazere na 0.5 ~ 2mg/L, mmetụta mwepụ nitrogen zuru oke dị mma. N'otu oge ahụ, usoro nitrification na denitrification na-azọpụta reactor ahụ, na-eme ka oge mmeghachi omume dị mkpụmkpụ, na-enwe obere oriri ike, na-azọpụta ego, ma dị mfe idobe uru pH kwụsie ike.

③Mgbaze na denitrification dị mkpirikpi

N'otu ihe ahụ na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe na-eme ka ammonia ghara ịdị ọcha n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe na-eme ka ọ ... ghara ịdị n'ime ihe na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị mma. Ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị mma bụ okpomọkụ, ammonia efu, uru pH na oxygen agbazere agbaze.

Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na nitrification obere oge nke mmiri mmiri obodo na-enweghị mmiri oké osimiri na mmiri mmiri obodo na 30% nke mmiri oké osimiri. Nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ na-egosi na: maka mmiri mmiri obodo na-enweghị mmiri oké osimiri, ịbawanye okpomọkụ na-enyere aka inweta nitrification obere oge. Mgbe oke mmiri mmiri dị na mmiri mmiri dị n'ime ụlọ dị 30%, enwere ike nweta nitrification obere oge ka mma n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'etiti. Mahadum Teknụzụ Delft mepụtara usoro SHARON, ojiji nke okpomọkụ dị elu (ihe dị ka 30-4090) na-enyere aka na mmụba nke nje bacteria nitrite, nke mere na nje bacteria nitrite na-efunahụ asọmpi, ebe site na ijikwa afọ nke mmiri mmiri iji kpochapụ nje bacteria nitrite, ka mmeghachi omume nitrification na ọkwa nitrite.

Dabere na ọdịiche dị na njikọ oxygen dị n'etiti nje bacteria nitrite na nje bacteria nitrite, ụlọ nyocha Gent Microbial Ecology mepụtara usoro OLAND iji nweta mkpokọta nitrogen nitrite site na ijikwa oxygen agbazere iji kpochapụ nje bacteria nitrite.

Nsonaazụ nnwale nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu coking site na nitrification na denitrification dị mkpụmkpụ na-egosi na mgbe COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN na phenol influent dị 1201.6,510.4,540.1 na 110.4mg/L, nkezi COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN na phenol influent bụ 197.1,14.2,181.5 na 0.4mg/L, n'otu n'otu. Ọnụego mwepụ ndị kwekọrọ na ya bụ 83.6%, 97.2%, 66.4% na 99.6%, n'otu n'otu.

Usoro nitrification na denitrification dị mkpụmkpụ anaghị agafe ọkwa nitrate, na-echekwa isi iyi carbon dị mkpa maka iwepụ nitrogen dị ndụ. O nwere ụfọdụ uru maka mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nwere obere oke C/N. Nitrification na denitrification dị mkpụmkpụ nwere uru nke obere sludge, oge mmeghachi omume dị mkpụmkpụ na ịchekwa olu reactor. Agbanyeghị, nitrification na denitrification dị mkpụmkpụ chọrọ nchịkọta nitrite kwụsiri ike ma na-adịgide adịgide, yabụ otu esi egbochi ọrụ nke nje bacteria nitrifying nke ọma bụ isi ihe dị mkpa.

④ Anaerobic ammonia oxidation

Anaerobic ammoxidation bụ usoro nke oxidation ozugbo nke amonia nitrogen gaa na nitrogen site na nje bacteria autotrophic n'okpuru ọnọdụ hypoxia, yana nitrous nitrogen ma ọ bụ nitrous nitrogen dị ka ihe na-anabata elektrọn.

A mụrụ mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na PH na ọrụ bayoloji nke anammoX. Nsonaazụ gosiri na okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume kacha mma bụ 30℃ na uru pH bụ 7.8. A mụrụ ohere nke ihe nrụpụta ammoX anaerobic maka ịgwọ nnukwu nnu na mmiri mkpofu nitrogen dị elu. Nsonaazụ gosiri na nnukwu nnu gbochiri ọrụ anammoX nke ukwuu, mgbochi a nwekwara ike ịgbanwe. Ọrụ ammox anaerobic nke sludge na-enweghị nnabata dị ala 67.5% karịa nke sludge njikwa n'okpuru nnu nke 30g.L-1 (NaC1). Ọrụ anammoX nke sludge accommod dị ala 45.1% karịa nke njikwa. Mgbe ebufere sludge accommod site na gburugburu nnu dị elu gaa na gburugburu nnu dị ala (enweghị brine), ọrụ ammoX anaerobic mụbara site na 43.1%. Agbanyeghị, ihe na-eme ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-ebelata mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ n'ime nnukwu nnu ruo ogologo oge.

Ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ ọdịnala, ammoX anaerobic bụ teknụzụ iwepụ nitrogen bayọlọjik dị ọnụ ala karịa nke na-enweghị isi iyi carbon ọzọ, obere ọchịchọ oxygen, enweghị mkpa maka ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị irè, na obere mmepụta sludge. Ihe ọghọm nke ammox anaerobic bụ na ọsọ mmeghachi omume ahụ dị nwayọ, olu ihe nrụpụta ahụ buru ibu, na isi iyi carbon adịghị mma maka anaerobic amMOX, nke nwere ihe bara uru maka idozi mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen na-adịghị mma na bioregradability.

4.nkewa na nnabata nitrogen usoro mwepụ

① usoro nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ

Usoro nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ bụ iji nhọrọ permeability nke akpụkpọ ahụ kewaa ihe ndị dị na mmiri mmiri ahụ, iji mezuo ebumnuche nke iwepụ nitrogen ammonia. Gụnyere osmosis reverse, nanofiltration, deammoniating membrane na electrodialysis. Ihe ndị na-emetụta nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ bụ njirimara akpụkpọ ahụ, nrụgide ma ọ bụ voltaji, uru pH, okpomọkụ na njupụta nitrogen ammonia.

Dịka mmiri si dị, mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nke a na-akpọ ammonia nitrogen nke onye na-agbaze ihe dị ụkọ na-ewepụta, e mere nnwale osmosis nke a na-akpọ reverse osmosis site na iji NH4C1 na mmiri mkpofu a na-akpọ NaCI. A chọpụtara na n'otu ọnọdụ ahụ, reverse osmosis nwere oke mwepụ nke NaCI, ebe NHCl nwere oke mmepụta mmiri dị elu. Ọnụego mwepụ nke NH4C1 bụ 77.3% mgbe ọgwụgwọ reverse osmosis gasịrị, nke enwere ike iji dị ka ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo nke ammonia nitrogen mkpofu. Teknụzụ reverse osmosis nwere ike ịchekwa ike, ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, mana iguzogide chlorine, na iguzogide mmetọ adịghị mma.

E jiri usoro nkewa nke akpụkpọ ahụ nanofiltration biochemical gwọọ mkpofu ihe mkpofu, nke mere na a na-ewepụ 85% ~ 90% nke mmiri mmiri na-abanye n'ime mmiri dịka ọkọlọtọ si dị, naanị 0% ~ 15% nke mmiri mmiri na apịtị a gbakọtara agbakọta ka eweghachiri na tankị mkpofu. Ozturki na ndị otu ya jiri akpụkpọ ahụ nanofiltration gwọọ mkpofu ihe mkpofu nke Odayeri na Turkey, ọnụego mwepụ nke ammonia nitrogen dịkwa ihe dị ka 72%. Akpụkpọ ahụ nanofiltration chọrọ obere nrụgide karịa akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis reverse, nke dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ.

A na-ejikarị usoro akpụkpọ ahụ na-ewepụ ammonia eme ihe n'ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu site na iji nitrogen ammonia dị elu. Ammonia nitrogen dị na mmiri nwere nguzozi ndị a: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ, mmiri mkpofu nwere ammonia na-asọba na shei nke modulu membrane, mmiri mkpofu na-amịkọrọ acid na-asọba na paịpụ nke modulu membrane. Mgbe PH nke mmiri mkpofu amụbaala ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ ebili, nguzozi ga-agbanwe gaa n'aka nri, ammonia ion NH4- na-aghọkwa NH3 gas efu. N'oge a, gas NH3 nwere ike ịbanye na usoro mmiri mkpofu acid na paịpụ site na usoro mmiri mkpofu na shei site na micropores dị n'elu eriri oghere, nke mmiri acid na-amịkọrọ ma ghọọ ozugbo ionic NH4-. Debe PH nke mmiri mkpofu n'elu 10, na okpomọkụ karịa 35 ° C (n'okpuru 50 ° C), ka NH4 dị na usoro mmiri mkpofu ga-anọgide na-aghọ NH3 gaa na mbugharị usoro mmiri mkpofu. N'ihi ya, njupụta nke ammonia nitrogen n'akụkụ mmiri mkpofu ahụ na-ebelata mgbe niile. Usoro mmiri mmiri nke acid na-amịkọrọ, n'ihi na ọ bụ naanị acid na NH4-, na-emepụta nnu ammonium dị ọcha, ma na-erute njupụta ụfọdụ mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu, nke enwere ike ịmegharị ọzọ. N'otu aka, iji teknụzụ a nwere ike ime ka ọnụego mwepụ nke ammonia nitrogen dị na mmiri mkpofu dịkwuo mma, ma n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa ọrụ niile nke sistemụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu.

②usoro nyocha elektrọdialysis

Electrodialysis bụ ụzọ isi wepụ ihe siri ike gbazere agbaze na mmiri mmiri site na itinye voltaji n'etiti akpụkpọ ahụ abụọ. N'okpuru ọrụ nke voltaji, a na-eme ka ion ammonia na ion ndị ọzọ dị na mmiri mkpofu ammonia-nitrogen dịkwuo mma site na akpụkpọ ahụ n'ime mmiri ammonia nwere, ka e wee mezuo ebumnuche nke iwepụ ya.

E jiri usoro electrodialysis gwọọ mmiri mkpofu na-adịghị n'ime ahụ nke nwere oke nitrogen ammonia ma nweta ezigbo nsonaazụ. Maka mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen 2000-3000mg /L, ọnụego mwepụ nke nitrogen ammonia nwere ike ịbụ ihe karịrị 85%, enwere ike nweta mmiri ammonia nke a na-etinye n'ime ya site na 8.9%. Oke ọkụ eletrik e ji eme ihe n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ electrodialysis kwekọrọ na oke nitrogen ammonia dị n'ime mmiri mkpofu. Ọgwụgwọ electrodialysis nke mmiri mkpofu anaghị ejedebe site na uru pH, okpomọkụ na nrụgide, ọ dịkwa mfe ịrụ ọrụ.

Uru nke nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ bụ mgbake dị elu nke ammonia nitrogen, ọrụ dị mfe, mmetụta ọgwụgwọ kwụsiri ike na enweghị mmetọ nke abụọ. Agbanyeghị, n'ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta, ewezuga akpụkpọ ahụ deamoniated, akpụkpọ ndị ọzọ dị mfe ịgbakọta ma mechie, mmeghari na ịsacha azụ na-abụkarị, na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ. Ya mere, usoro a dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo ma ọ bụ obere mkpokọta mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen.

③ Usoro mgbanwe ion

Usoro mgbanwe ion bụ ụzọ isi wepụ nitrogen ammonia na mmiri mkpofu site na iji ihe ndị nwere ike itinye ammonia n'ime mmiri mkpofu. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ carbon, zeolite, montmorillonite na resin mgbanwe. Zeolite bụ ụdị silico-aluminate nwere nhazi oghere atọ, nhazi oghere nkịtị na oghere, nke clinoptilolite nwere ikike itinye ammonia siri ike na ọnụ ala dị ala, yabụ a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe ntinye maka mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen na injinia. Ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nke clinoptilolite gụnyere nha ihe, ntinye nitrogen ammonia nwere mmetụta, oge kọntaktị, uru pH na ndị ọzọ.

Mmetụta adsorption nke zeolite na ammonia nitrogen doro anya, ya na ranite, mmetụta nke ala na ceramisite adịghị mma. Ụzọ kachasị esi ewepụ ammonia nitrogen na zeolite bụ mgbanwe ion, mmetụta adsorption anụ ahụ dịkwa obere. Mmetụta mgbanwe ion nke ceramite, ala na ranite yiri mmetụta adsorption anụ ahụ. Ike adsorption nke ihe mkpuchi anọ ahụ belatara ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye na oke 15-35℃, ma mụbaa ka mmụba nke uru pH dị na oke 3-9. E ruru nguzozi adsorption mgbe awa isii gachara.

A mụrụ etu esi ewepụ ammonia nitrogen site na mmiri mmiri site na iji zeolite adsorption. Nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ gosiri na gram nke zeolite ọ bụla nwere obere ikike nnabata nke 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, mgbe nha nke zeolite bụ 30-16 mesh, ọnụego mwepụ nke ammonia nitrogen ruru 78.5%, na n'okpuru otu oge nnabata, dose na nha nke zeolite, ka mmụba nke ammonia nitrogen dị elu, ka ọnụego nnabata dị elu, ọ ga-ekwe omume ka zeolite dị ka onye na-etinye ihe wepụ ammonia nitrogen na mmiri mmiri. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ekwu na ọnụego nnabata nke ammonia nitrogen site na zeolite dị ala, ọ na-esikwa ike ka zeolite ruo ikike nnabata saturation na ọrụ bara uru.

A mụrụ mmetụta mwepụ nke ihe ndina zeolite bayọlọji na nitrogen, COD na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ emerụ na nsị obodo e mere ka ọ dị ka ihe e ji atụ ihe. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na ọnụego mwepụ nke ammonia nitrogen site na ihe ndina zeolite bayọlọji karịrị 95%, na oge obibi haịdrọlik na-emetụta mwepụ nke nitrate nitrogen nke ukwuu.

Usoro mgbanwe ion nwere uru dị na obere itinye ego, usoro dị mfe, ọrụ dị mfe, enweghị mmetụta na nsí na okpomọkụ, na iji zeolite eme ihe site na imeghari. Agbanyeghị, mgbe a na-agwọ mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta, mmeghari ahụ na-abụkarị, nke na-eweta nsogbu na ọrụ ahụ, yabụ ọ dị mkpa ka ejikọta ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ ammonia nitrogen ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ jiri ya gwọọ mmiri mkpofu ammonia nitrogen nke nwere obere mkpokọta.

Onye Mmepụta na Onye Na-ebunye Zeolite 4A n'ogbe | EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)