Chemical na usoro iji wepụ amonia nitrogen na mmiri

1.Gịnị bụ amonia nitrogen?

Amonia nitrogen na-ezo aka na amonia n'ụdị amonia efu (ma ọ bụ amonia na-abụghị ionic, NH3) ma ọ bụ ionic amonia (NH4+).pH dị elu na oke nke amonia efu;N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, oke nke nnu ammonium dị elu.

Amonia nitrogen bụ ihe na-edozi ahụ na mmiri, nke nwere ike iduga na mmiri eutrophication, ma bụrụ isi ikuku oxygen na-eri ihe na-emetọ mmiri na mmiri, nke na-egbu egbu azụ na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri.

Isi ihe na-emerụ ahụ nke amonia nitrogen na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri bụ amonia efu, nke nsị ya dị ọtụtụ ugboro karịa nke nnu ammonium, ma na-abawanye na alkalinity.Amonia nitrogen toxicity nwere njikọ chiri anya na pH uru na mmiri okpomọkụ nke ọdọ mmiri, n'ozuzu, elu nke pH uru na mmiri okpomọkụ, otú ahụ siri ike toxicity.

Ụzọ agba agba abụọ dị ka nghọta a na-ejikarị achọpụta amonia bụ usoro Nessler reagent oge gboo na usoro phenol-hypochlorite.A na-ejikwa titrations na ụzọ eletriki eme ihe iji chọpụta amonia;Mgbe ọdịnaya nitrogen amonia dị elu, a pụkwara iji usoro titration distillation mee ihe.(Ụkpụrụ mba gụnyere usoro Nath reagent, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, distillation – titration method)

2. Usoro mwepụ nitrogen anụ ahụ na chemical

① Usoro mmiri ozuzo

Usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ, nke a makwaara dị ka usoro ọdịda MAP, bụ ịgbakwunye magnesium na phosphoric acid ma ọ bụ hydrogen phosphate na mmiri mkpofu nwere amonia nitrogen, nke mere na NH4+ na mmiri mkpofu na-emeghachi na Mg+ na PO4- na ngwọta mmiri na-emepụta ammonium magnesium phosphate ọdịda. , usoro ihe omimi bụ MgNH4P04.6H20, ka o wee nweta nzube nke iwepụ amonia nitrogen.Magnesium ammonium phosphate, nke a na-akpọkarị struvite, nwere ike iji dị ka compost, ihe mgbakwunye ala ma ọ bụ ihe na-egbochi ọkụ maka ịmepụta ngwaahịa nhazi.Nhazi mmeghachi omume bụ nke a:

Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04

Isi ihe na-emetụta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri ozuzo mmiri bụ pH uru, okpomọkụ, amonia nitrogen mkpokọta na molar ratio (n (Mg +) : n (NH4 +): n (P04-)).Nsonaazụ na-egosi na mgbe pH uru bụ 10 na molar ratio nke magnesium, nitrogen na phosphorus bụ 1.2: 1: 1.2, mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ka mma.

N'iji magnesium chloride na disodium hydrogen phosphate dị ka ndị na-emepụta ihe, nsonaazụ na-egosi na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma mgbe uru pH dị 9.5 na molar ratio nke magnesium, nitrogen na phosphorus bụ 1.2: 1: 1.

Nsonaazụ na-egosi na MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 dị elu karịa nchikota ndị ọzọ na-asọpụta.Mgbe pH uru bụ 10.0, okpomọkụ bụ 30 ℃, n (Mg +): n (NH4+): n (P04-) = 1: 1: 1, uka ịta nke amonia nitrogen na mmiri mkpofu mgbe edemede maka 30min na-ebelata. site na 222mg/L tupu ọgwụgwọ ruo 17mg/L, na mwepụ nke ọnụego bụ 92.3%.

Ejikọtara usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ na usoro akpụkpọ ahụ mmiri mmiri maka ọgwụgwọ nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe amonia nitrogen mmiri mkpofu.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke njikarịcha nke usoro mmiri ozuzo, ọnụ ọgụgụ mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen ruru 98.1%, na ọgwụgwọ ọzọ na usoro ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri na-ebelata mkpokọta amonia nitrogen na 0.005g/L, na-erute ọkọlọtọ ọkwa ọkwa mbụ nke mba.

Achọpụtara nsonaazụ mwepụ nke ion metal divalent (Ni+, Mn+, Zn+, Cu+, Fe+) na-abụghị Mg+ na nitrogen amonia n'okpuru ọrụ phosphate.Usoro ọhụrụ nke ọdịda CaSO4-MAP ka ewepụtara maka mmiri mkpofu ammonium sulfate.Nsonaazụ gosiri na omenala NaOH regulator nwere ike dochie na wayo.

Uru nke usoro mmiri ozuzo nke kemịkalụ bụ na mgbe ntinye nke amonia nitrogen dị elu, ntinye nke ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị oke, dịka usoro ndu, usoro nkwụsịtụ chlorination, usoro nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ, usoro mgbanwe ion, wdg N'oge a. Enwere ike iji usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ maka ọgwụgwọ tupu ọgwụgwọ.Mwepụ arụmọrụ nke usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ ka mma, ọ bụghịkwa oke okpomọkụ, na ọrụ ahụ dị mfe.Enwere ike iji sludge a mịrị amị nke nwere magnesium ammonium phosphate dị ka fatịlaịza mejupụtara iji ghọta ojiji mkpofu, si otú a na-emebi akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa ya;Ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ijikọ ya na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke na-emepụta mmiri mkpofu phosphate na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta brine nnu, ọ nwere ike ịchekwa ụgwọ ọgwụ ma kwado ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.

Mwepu nke usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ bụ na n'ihi mmachi nke ngwaahịa solubility nke ammonium magnesium phosphate, mgbe amonia nitrogen na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri rutere n'otu ebe, mmetụta mwepụ na-apụtaghị ìhè na ọnụ ahịa ntinye na-abawanye nke ukwuu.Ya mere, ekwesịrị iji usoro mmiri ozuzo kemịkalụ jikọtara ya na ụzọ ndị ọzọ dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ dị elu.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke reagent a na-eji buru ibu, sludge a na-emepụta dị ukwuu, na ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ dị elu.Iwebata ion chloride na phosphorus fọdụrụnụ n'oge a na-etinye kemịkalụ nwere ike ịkpata mmetọ nke abụọ n'ụzọ dị mfe.

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② imebi usoro

Mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen site na ịfụ usoro bụ ịhazigharị pH uru na alkaline, nke mere na amonia ion dị na mmiri mmiri na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ amonia, nke mere na ọ na-adịkarị n'ụdị amonia n'efu, mgbe ahụ, a na-ewepụ amonia n'efu. nke mmiri mkpofu site na ikuku na-ebu ibu, ka o wee nweta nzube nke iwepu amonia nitrogen.Isi ihe na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke ịfụ bụ pH uru, okpomọkụ, mmiri mmiri gas, ọnụego gas, ntinye uche mbụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji usoro ịgbapụ agbapụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ịgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na nnukwu ntinye nke amonia nitrogen.

A mụrụ mwepụta nitrogen amonia site na mkpofu ahịhịa site na usoro ịgbapụ.Achọpụtara na ihe ndị bụ isi na-achịkwa arụmọrụ nke ịgbapụ bụ okpomọkụ, mmiri mmiri gas na pH uru.Mgbe mmiri okpomọkụ dị elu karịa 2590, gas-mmiri ruru bụ banyere 3500, na pH bụ banyere 10.5, mwepụ ọnụego nwere ike iru karịa 90% maka landfill leachate na amonia nitrogen ịta ahụhụ dị ka 2000-4000mg / L.Nsonaazụ gosiri na mgbe pH = 11.5, ikpochapụ okpomọkụ bụ 80cC na oge nkwụsịtụ bụ 120min, ọnụego mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen na mmiri na-ekpofu nwere ike iru 99.2%.

A na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen dị elu bụ nke a rụrụ site na ụlọ elu na-efe efe na-aga n'ihu.Nsonaazụ gosiri na arụmọrụ nke ịfụ ọkụ na-abawanye site na mmụba nke uru pH.Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri gas na-ebuwanye ibu, ka ike na-ebufe amonia na-ebufe oke bụ, na ịrụ ọrụ nkedo na-abawanye.

Mwepụ nke nitrogen amonia site na ịfụ usoro dị irè, dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ ma dị mfe ịchịkwa.Enwere ike iji nitrogen amonia a gbawara agbawa mee ihe dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na sulfuric acid, a pụkwara iji ego sulfuric acid emepụtara dị ka fatịlaịza.Usoro mgbapụ bụ teknụzụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka iwepụ nitrogen anụ ahụ na kemịkal ugbu a.Otú ọ dị, usoro ịgbapụ ahụ nwere ụfọdụ ihe ọghọm, dị ka ịcha ọkụ ugboro ugboro n'ụlọ elu a na-agbapụ, obere amonia nitrogen na-ewepụ arụmọrụ na obere okpomọkụ, na mmetọ nke abụọ nke gas na-agbapụ na-akpata.A na-ejikọta usoro ịfụfụ na ụzọ ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu amonia nitrogen ndị ọzọ iji dozie mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen dị elu.

③ Njide chlorination

Usoro nke iwepụ amonia site na nkwụsịtụ chlorination bụ na chlorine gas na-emeghachi omume na amonia iji mepụta gas nitrogen na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, na N2 na-agbaba n'ime ikuku, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume na-aga n'ihu n'aka nri.Usoro mmeghachi omume bụ:

HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Mgbe a na-ebufe gas chlorine n'ime mmiri mkpofu ruo ebe ụfọdụ, ọdịnaya nke chlorine n'efu na mmiri dị ntakịrị, na ntinye nke amonia bụ efu.Mgbe ọnụọgụ chlorine gas gafere ebe ahụ, ọnụọgụ chlorine n'efu na mmiri ga-abawanye, ya mere, a na-akpọ ebe nkwụsịtụ, na chlorination dị na steeti a na-akpọ chlorination nkwụsịtụ.

A na-eji usoro chlorination nkwụsịtụ na-agwọ mmiri mkpofu mgbe amonia nitrogen kụsịrị, na usoro ọgwụgwọ amonia nitrogen na-emetụta kpọmkwem.Mgbe 70% nke nitrogen amonia dị na mmiri mkpofu wepụrụ site na ịfụ usoro wee mesoo ya site na nkwụsịtụ chlorination, oke ntinye nke amonia nitrogen n'ime ikuku na-erughị 15mg/L.Zhang Shengli et al.were simulated amonia nitrogen mmiri mkpofu na oke mkpokọta nke 100mg/L dị ka ihe nyocha, na nsonaazụ nyocha gosipụtara na isi na ihe abụọ na-emetụta mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen site na oxidation nke sodium hypochlorite bụ ọnụọgụ chlorine na amonia nitrogen, oge mmeghachi omume, na uru pH.

Usoro chlorination nke nkwụsịtụ nwere nnukwu nrụpụta nitrogen dị elu, ọnụego mwepụ nwere ike iru 100%, na ntinye amonia na mmiri na-ekpofu nwere ike belata ka ọ bụrụ efu.Mmetụta ahụ kwụsiri ike na okpomọkụ adịghị emetụta ya;Ngwá ọrụ ntinye ego dị ntakịrị, nzaghachi ngwa ngwa na zuru oke;Ọ nwere mmetụta nke sterilization na disinfection na ahụ mmiri.Oke ngwa nke usoro nkwụsịtụ chlorination bụ na ntinye nke mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen erughị 40mg/L, yabụ usoro nkwụsịtụ chlorination na-ejikarị maka ọgwụgwọ dị elu nke mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen.Ihe achọrọ maka iji nchekwa na nchekwa dị elu, ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ dị elu, na ngwaahịa chloramines na chlorinated organics ga-eme ka mmetọ nke abụọ.

Usoro oxidation nke catalytic

Catalytic oxidation usoro bụ site na omume nke catalyst, n'okpuru a ụfọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide, site ikuku oxidation, organic okwu na amonia na nsị nwere ike oxidized na decomposed n'ime adịghị emerụ bekee dị ka CO2, N2 na H2O, iji nweta nzube nke ọcha.

Ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta nke oxidation catalytic bụ àgwà ndị na-emepụta ihe, okpomọkụ, oge mmeghachi omume, uru pH, ntinye nke amonia nitrogen, nrụgide, na-akpali akpali na ihe ndị ọzọ.

A mụrụ usoro mmebi nke ozonated amonia nitrogen.Nsonaazụ gosiri na mgbe uru pH mụbara, a na-emepụta ụdị radical HO nwere ikike oxidation siri ike, na ọnụ ọgụgụ oxidation na-abawanye ngwa ngwa.Nnyocha na-egosi na ozone nwere ike oxidize amonia nitrogen ka nitrite na nitrite na nitrate.Ntinye nke nitrogen amonia na mmiri na-ebelata na mmụba nke oge, na mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen bụ ihe dịka 82%.A na-eji CuO-Mn02-Ce02 mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbagwoju anya iji gwọọ mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen.Nsonaazụ nnwale na-egosi na arụ ọrụ oxidation nke ihe nrụpụta ihe mejupụtara a kwadebere ọhụrụ na-abawanye nke ọma, na ọnọdụ usoro dabara adaba bụ 255 ℃, 4.2MPa na pH = 10.8.Na ọgwụgwọ nke amonia nitrogen mmiri mkpofu na mbido mbụ nke 1023mg/L, ọnụego mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen nwere ike iru 98% n'ime 150min, na-erute ọkwa ntọhapụ nke sekọndrị nke mba (50mg/L).

Achọpụtara arụmọrụ catalytic nke zeolite na-akwado TiO2 photocatalyst site n'ịmụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mbibi nke amonia nitrogen na ngwọta sulfuric acid.Nsonaazụ gosipụtara na usoro kacha mma nke Ti02/ zeolite photocatalyst bụ 1.5g/L na oge mmeghachi omume bụ 4h n'okpuru irradiation ultraviolet.Mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen na mmiri mkpofu nwere ike iru 98.92%.A mụrụ mmetụta mwepụ nke ígwè dị elu na nano-chin dioxide n'okpuru ìhè ultraviolet na phenol na amonia nitrogen.Nsonaazụ gosiri na mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen bụ 97.5% mgbe pH = 9.0 na-etinye aka na ngwọta amonia nitrogen na ntinye nke 50mg / L, nke bụ 7.8% na 22.5% dị elu karịa nke ígwè dị elu ma ọ bụ Chine dioxide naanị.

Usoro oxidation nke catalytic nwere uru nke ịdị ọcha dị elu, usoro dị mfe, obere mpaghara ala, wdg, a na-ejikarị emeso mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen dị elu.Ihe isi ike ngwa bụ otu esi egbochi ọnwụ nke ihe na-akpata na nchebe corrosion nke akụrụngwa.

⑤electrochemical oxidation usoro

Usoro oxidation electrochemical na-ezo aka na usoro nke iwepu ihe mmetọ na mmiri site na iji electrooxidation na ọrụ catalytic.Ihe na-emetụta ya bụ njupụta ugbu a, ọnụego ntinye ntinye, oge ntinye na oge ngwọta.

A mụrụ oxidation electrochemical nke mmiri mkpofu amonia-nitrogen na cell electrolytic na-ekesa, ebe ihe dị mma bụ Ti / Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 netwọk eletrik na adịghị mma bụ Ti netwọk eletrik.Nsonaazụ gosiri na mgbe chloride ion ntinye aka bụ 400mg / L, mbụ amonia nitrogen ịta bụ 40mg/L, mmetụta eruba ọnụego bụ 600mL / min, njupụta ugbu a bụ 20mA / cm, na electrolytic oge bụ 90min, amonia. ọnụego mwepụ nitrogen bụ 99.37%.Ọ na-egosi na electrolytic oxidation nke amonia-nitrogen mmiri mkpofu nwere ezigbo ngwa atụmanya.

3. Usoro mwepụ nitrogen biochemical

① Nitrification na denitrification dum

Nitrification na denitrification nke usoro dum bụ ụdị usoro ndu nke ejirila ọtụtụ oge mee ihe ruo ogologo oge ugbu a.Ọ na-agbanwe nitrogen amonia na mmiri mkpofu n'ime nitrogen site na mmeghachi omume dị iche iche dị ka nitrification na denitrification n'okpuru omume nke microorganisms dị iche iche, iji nweta nzube nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri.Usoro nitrification na denitrification iji wepụ amonia nitrogen kwesịrị ịgafe nkebi abụọ:

Mmeghachi omume nitrification: A na-emecha mmeghachi omume nitrification site na microorganisms aerobic autotrophic.Na steeti ikuku, a na-eji nitrogen inorganic eme ihe dị ka isi iyi nitrogen iji gbanwee NH4+ ka ọ bụrụ NO2-, wee bụrụ oxidized na NO3-.Enwere ike kewaa usoro nitrification ụzọ abụọ.N'ọgbọ nke abụọ, a na-atụgharị nitrite ka ọ bụrụ nitrate (NO3-) site na nje bacteria nitrifying, na nitrite na-agbanwe na nitrate (NO3-) site na nitrifying bacteria.

Mmeghachi omume Denitrification: Mmeghachi omume Denitrification bụ usoro nke denitrifying nje bacteria na-ebelata nitrite nitrogen na nitrate nitrogen na gaseous nitrogen (N2) na steeti hypoxia.Nje bacteria na-emebi emebi bụ microorganisms heterotrophic, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ nje bacteria amphictic.Na steeti hypoxia, ha na-eji oxygen na nitrate dị ka ihe na-anabata eletrọn na ihe ndị dị ndụ (BOD components in sewage) dị ka onye na-enye electron iji nye ike ma bụrụ oxidized na kwụsie ike.

The dum usoro nitrification na denitrification engineering ngwa tumadi gụnyere AO, A2O, oxidation ọwara mmiri, wdg, nke bụ a ọzọ tozuru okè usoro eji na ndu nitrogen mwepụ ụlọ ọrụ.

Usoro nitrification na denitrification dum nwere uru nke mmetụta kwụsiri ike, ọrụ dị mfe, enweghị mmetọ nke abụọ na ọnụ ala dị ala.Usoro a nwekwara ụfọdụ ihe ndọghachi azụ, dị ka isi iyi carbon ga-agbakwunyere mgbe ọnụọgụ C / N dị na mmiri mkpofu dị ala, ihe okpomọkụ chọrọ dị ntakịrị, arụmọrụ dị ala na obere okpomọkụ, ebe dị ukwuu, ikuku oxygen chọrọ. buru ibu, na ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dị ka ion metal dị arọ na-enwe mmetụta dị egwu na microorganisms, nke dị mkpa ka ewepụ tupu e mee usoro ndu.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nnukwu ntinye nke amonia nitrogen na mmiri mkpofu na-enwekwa mmetụta mgbochi na usoro nitrification.Ya mere, a ga-emerịrị tupu ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen dị elu nke mere na ntinye nke amonia nitrogen bụ ihe na-erughị 500mg / L.Usoro ndu usoro ọdịnala dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ obere ịta amonia nitrogen mmiri mkpofu nwere ihe ndị dị ndụ, dị ka nsị anụ ụlọ, mmiri mkpofu kemịkalụ, wdg.

Nitrification na denitrification (SND) n'otu oge

Mgbe nitrification na denitrification na-mere ọnụ na otu reactor, a na-akpọ simultaneous digestion denitrification (SND).A na-ejedebe ikuku oxygen gbazere n'ime mmiri mkpofu site na ọnụego mgbasa ozi iji mepụta gradient oxygen gbazere na mpaghara microenvironment na microbial floc ma ọ bụ biofilm, nke na-eme ka ikuku oxygen gbazere n'elu elu nke microbial floc ma ọ bụ biofilm na-eme ka uto na mgbasawanye. nke aerobic nitrifying bacteria na amoniating bacteria.Na omimi n'ime floc ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ahụ, na-ebelata mkpokọta oxygen gbazere, na-ebute mpaghara anoxic ebe nje bacteria na-achịkwa.N'ihi ya, na-etolite n'out oge mgbaze na denitrification usoro.Ihe na-emetụta mgbaze n'otu oge na denitrification bụ PH uru, okpomọkụ, alkalinity, organic carbon source, oxygen gbazere na sludge afọ.

Nitrification / denitrification n'otu oge dị na olulu Carrousel oxidation, na ntinye nke ikuku oxygen gbazere n'etiti ikuku aerated na olulu Carrousel oxidation ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, na ikuku oxygen gbazere na akụkụ ala nke Carrousel oxidation ditch dị ala karịa nke ahụ na akụkụ elu. .Nhazi na oriri nke nitrate nitrogen n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ọwa ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nhata, na ntinye nke amonia nitrogen na ọwa na-adị ala mgbe niile, nke na-egosi na mmeghachi omume nitrification na denitrification na-eme n'otu oge na ọwa Carrousel oxidation.

Ọmụmụ banyere ọgwụgwọ nke nsị anụ ụlọ na-egosi na CODCR dị elu, na-eme ka denitrification zuru ezu na nke ka mma iwepụ TN.Mmetụta nke ikuku oxygen gbazere na nitrification na denitrification n'otu oge dị ukwuu.Mgbe ikuku oxygen gbazere na-achịkwa na 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, mmetụta nkwụsị nke nitrogen zuru oke dị mma.N'otu oge ahụ, nitrification na denitrification usoro na-azọpụta reactor, mkpirisi oge mmeghachi omume, nwere obere ike oriri, na-azọpụta ego, ma dị mfe idobe pH uru.

③ mgbari mgbari na denitrification nke obere oge

Na otu reactor, amonia oxidizing bacteria na-eji oxidize amonia ka nitrite n'okpuru aerobic ọnọdụ, na mgbe ahụ nitrite na-denitrified ozugbo na-emepụta nitrogen na organic okwu ma ọ bụ mpụga carbon iyi dị ka eletrọn inye onyinye n'okpuru hypoxia ọnọdụ.Mmetụta mmetụta nke nitrification dị mkpụmkpụ na denitrification bụ okpomọkụ, amonia efu, uru pH na ikuku oxygen gbazere.

Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na nitrification dị mkpirikpi nke nsị nke ime obodo na-enweghị mmiri mmiri na nsị nke obodo na 30% mmiri mmiri.Nsonaazụ nnwale na-egosi na: maka nsị nke ime obodo na-enweghị mmiri mmiri, ịba ụba nke okpomọkụ na-enyere aka nweta nitrification dị mkpirikpi.Mgbe oke mmiri dị n'oké osimiri dị na nsị ụlọ bụ 30%, enwere ike nweta nitrification dị mkpụmkpụ nke ọma n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ.Mahadum Delft nke Teknụzụ mepụtara usoro SHARON, iji okpomọkụ dị elu (ihe dị ka 30-4090) na-eme ka nje bacteria nitrite gbasaa, nke mere na nje bacteria nitrite na-efunahụ asọmpi, ebe site na ịchịkwa afọ nke sludge iji kpochapụ nje bacteria nitrite, ya mere. na mmeghachi omume nitrification na nitrite ogbo.

Dabere na ọdịiche dị na njikọ oxygen dị n'etiti nje bacteria nitrite na nje bacteria nitrite, ụlọ ọrụ Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratory mepụtara usoro OLAND iji nweta nchịkọta nitrite nitrogen site na ịchịkwa oxygen gbazere iji kpochapụ nje bacteria nitrite.

Nsonaazụ nnwale nke nnwale nke ọgwụgwọ nke coking mmiri mkpofu site na nitrification dị mkpụmkpụ na denitrification na-egosi na mgbe mmetụta COD, amonia nitrogen, TN na phenol mkpokọta bụ 1201.6,510.4,540.1 na 110.4mg/L, nkezi COD na-asọpụta, ammonia nitrogen. ,TN na phenol mkpokọta bụ 197.1,14.2,181.5 na 0.4mg/L, karị.Ọnụego mwepụ ndị ahụ kwekọrọ bụ 83.6%,97.2%, 66.4% na 99.6%, n'otu n'otu.

Usoro nitrification dị mkpụmkpụ na denitrification adịghị agafe n'ogo nitrate, na-echekwa isi iyi carbon achọrọ maka iwepụ nitrogen ndu.Ọ nwere uru ụfọdụ maka mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen nwere oke C/N dị ala.Nitrification dị mkpụmkpụ na denitrification nwere uru nke obere sludge, obere oge mmeghachi omume na ịchekwa olu reactor.Otú ọ dị, nitrification dị mkpụmkpụ na denitrification chọrọ nchịkọta nitrite kwụsiri ike na nke na-adịgide adịgide, yabụ otu esi egbochi ọrụ nke nje bacteria na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-aghọ isi ihe.

Anaerobic amonia oxidation

Anaerobic ammoxidation bụ usoro nke oxidation kpọmkwem nke amonia nitrogen na nitrogen site na nje bacteria autotrophic n'okpuru ọnọdụ hypoxia, yana nitrogen nitrous ma ọ bụ nitrous nitrogen dị ka onye na-anabata electron.

A mụrụ mmetụta okpomọkụ na PH na ọrụ ndụ nke anammoX.Nsonaazụ gosiri na ezigbo mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ bụ 30 ℃ na pH uru bụ 7.8.A mụrụ ike nke anaerobic ammoX reactor maka ọgwụgwọ salinity dị elu na mmiri mkpofu nitrogen dị elu.Nsonaazụ gosiri na nnukwu salinity na-egbochi ọrụ anammoX nke ukwuu, na mgbochi a gbanwere.Ọrụ anaerobic ammox nke sludge na-enweghị ike bụ 67.5% dị ala karịa nke sludge njikwa n'okpuru salinity nke 30g.L-1 (NaC1).Ọrụ anammoX nke sludge aclimated dị 45.1% dị ala karịa nke njikwa.Mgbe ebufere sludge acclimated site na gburugburu salinity dị elu gaa na mpaghara salinity dị ala (enweghị brine), ọrụ anaerobic ammoX mụbara site na 43.1%.Otú ọ dị, reactor na-adịkarị mfe ịrụ ọrụ mbelata mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ na salinity dị elu ruo ogologo oge.

E jiri ya tụnyere usoro ndu ndụ ọdịnala, anaerobic ammoX bụ teknụzụ na-ewepụ nitrogen dị ndụ karịa nke enweghị isi carbon ọzọ, ikuku oxygen dị ala, enweghị mkpa maka reagents kwụsị, yana obere mmepụta sludge.Ọdịmma nke anaerobic ammox bụ na mmeghachi omume ọsọ na-adị ngwa ngwa, olu reactor buru ibu, na isi iyi carbon adịghị mma maka amMOX anaerobic, nke nwere uru bara uru maka idozi mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen na enweghị biodegradability.

4.separation na adsorption nitrogen mwepụ usoro

① usoro nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ

Usoro nkewa nke membrane bụ iji ikike nke ahọpụtara nke akpụkpọ ahụ wee họrọ ikewapụ ihe ndị dị na mmiri mmiri, iji nweta ebumnuche nke iwepụ amonia nitrogen.Gụnyere reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, deammoniating membrane na electrodialysis.Ihe na-emetụta nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ bụ njirimara akpụkpọ ahụ, nrụgide ma ọ bụ voltaji, uru pH, okpomọkụ na amonia nitrogen ntinye.

Dịka ogo mmiri nke amonia nitrogen si dị na mmiri mkpofu nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe wepụrụ, a na-eji NH4C1 na NaCI simulated mmiri mkpofu mee nnwale osmosis.Achọpụtara na n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ ahụ, reverse osmosis nwere oke mwepụ nke NaCI, ebe NHCl nwere oke mmepụta mmiri.Ọnụego mwepụ nke NH4C1 bụ 77.3% mgbe ọgwụgwọ osmosis gasịrị, nke enwere ike iji dị ka pretreatment nke amonia nitrogen mmiri mkpofu.Nkà na ụzụ ntụgharị osmosis nwere ike ịchekwa ike, nkwụsi ike dị mma, mana nguzogide chlorine, nguzogide mmetọ adịghị mma.

A na-eji usoro nkewa nke nanofiltration biochemical iji gwọọ leachate nke ala, nke mere na 85% ~ 90% nke mmiri mmiri na-agafe agafe bụ nke a na-ahapụ dịka ọkọlọtọ si dị, na naanị 0% ~ 15% nke mmiri mmiri na-ekpofu nsị na apịtị ka eweghachiri na ya. tankị mkpofu.Ozturki et al.jiri akpụkpọ anụ nanofiltration mee ihe mkpofu ahịhịa nke Odayeri na Turkey, na mwepụta nke amonia nitrogen bụ ihe dịka 72%.Akpụkpọ ahụ nanofiltration chọrọ nrụgide dị ala karịa akpụkpọ ahụ osmosis na-agbanwe, dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ.

A na-ejikarị sistemu akpụkpọ ahụ na-ewepụ amonia na-agwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na nnukwu amonia nitrogen.Amonia nitrogen dị na mmiri nwere nguzozi ndị a: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O na-arụ ọrụ, mmiri mkpofu nke nwere amonia na-asọba na shea nke modul akpụkpọ ahụ, na mmiri mmiri na-amịpụta acid na-asọba na ọkpọkọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ. modul.Mgbe PH nke mmiri mkpofu na-abawanye ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ na-ebili, nha nha ga-agbanwe gaa n'aka nri, na ammonium ion NH4- na-aghọ NH3 gaseous n'efu.N'oge a, gaseous NH3 nwere ike ịbanye acid absorption mmiri mmiri na-adọ na ọkpọkọ si n'efu na-adọ na shei site micropores n'elu nke oghere eriri, nke na-etinye obi gị dum site acid ngwọta na ozugbo ghọọ ionic NH4-.Debe PH nke mmiri mkpofu n'elu 10, na okpomọkụ n'elu 35 Celsius C (n'okpuru 50 Celsius C), nke mere na NH4 na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri ga-anọgide na-aghọ NH3 na ntinye mmiri mmiri na-ebugharị.N'ihi ya, ntinye nke nitrogen amonia n'akụkụ mmiri na-ekpofu na-ebelata mgbe niile.Acid absorption mmiri mmiri na-adọ, n'ihi na e nwere nanị acid na NH4-, na-etolite a dị nnọọ ọcha ammonium nnu, na esịmde a ụfọdụ ịta mgbe na-aga n'ihu mgbasa, nke nwere ike megharịa.N'otu aka ahụ, iji nkà na ụzụ a mee ihe nwere ike ime ka mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen dị na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ dị ukwuu, na n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ nwere ike belata ọnụ ahịa ọrụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri.

② Usoro electrodialysis

Electrodialysis bụ usoro iji wepụ ihe mgbaze gbazere na ngwọta mmiri site na itinye voltaji n'etiti akpụkpọ ahụ ụzọ abụọ.N'okpuru ọrụ nke voltaji, amonia ion na ion ndị ọzọ na mmiri mmiri amonia-nitrogen na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma site na akpụkpọ ahụ dị na mmiri a na-etinye n'ime amonia, iji nweta nzube nke iwepụ.

A na-eji usoro electrodialysis eme ihe iji gwọọ mmiri mkpofu inorganic na nnukwu ntinye nke amonia nitrogen wee nweta nsonaazụ dị mma.Maka 2000-3000mg / L amonia nitrogen na-ekpofu mmiri, mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen nwere ike karịa 85%, na mmiri amonia na-etinye uche nwere ike nweta site na 8.9%.Ọnụ ọkụ eletrik a na-eri n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ nke electrodialysis bụ nha nha nke amonia nitrogen na mmiri mkpofu.Ọgwụgwọ electrodialysis nke mmiri mkpofu anaghị ejedebe site na uru pH, okpomọkụ na nrụgide, ọ dịkwa mfe ịrụ ọrụ.

Uru nke nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ bụ mgbake dị elu nke amonia nitrogen, ọrụ dị mfe, mmetụta ọgwụgwọ kwụsiri ike na enweghị mmetọ nke abụọ.Otú ọ dị, n'ịgwọ nnukwu mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ amonia nitrogen, ma e wezụga maka akpụkpọ anụ nke deammoniated, akpụkpọ anụ ndị ọzọ dị mfe iji mee ka ọ dị elu ma na-ekpuchi ya, na ịmaliteghachi na azụ azụ na-emekarị, na-abawanye ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ.Ya mere, usoro a dabara adaba maka pretreatment ma ọ bụ obere itinye uche amonia nitrogen mmiri mkpofu.

③ Usoro mgbanwe ion

Usoro mgbanwe ion bụ usoro iji wepụ amonia nitrogen na mmiri mkpofu site na iji ihe nwere ike ịhọrọ ion amonia.Ngwa mgbasa ozi a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ carbon, zeolite, montmorillonite na resin mgbanwe.Zeolite bụ ụdị silico-aluminate nke nwere akụkụ atọ nke oghere oghere, usoro pore mgbe niile na oghere, n'etiti nke clinoptilolite nwere ikike adsorption siri ike maka ion amonia na ọnụ ala dị ala, n'ihi ya, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbasa ozi maka mmiri mkpofu amonia nitrogen. na injinia.Ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nke clinoptilolite gụnyere nha nha, mmetụta amonia nitrogen na-emetụta, oge kọntaktị, uru pH na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Mmetụta adsorption nke zeolite na amonia nitrogen pụtara ìhè, ranite sochiri ya, na mmetụta nke ala na ceramisite adịghị mma.Ụzọ bụ isi wepụ amonia nitrogen na zeolite bụ mgbanwe ion, na mmetụta adsorption anụ ahụ dị ntakịrị.Mmetụta mgbanwe ion nke ceramite, ala na ranite yiri mmetụta mgbasa ozi anụ ahụ.Ikike mgbasa ozi nke ihe ndozi anọ ahụ belatara site na mmụba nke okpomọkụ na nso nke 15-35 ℃, ma na-abawanye na mmụba nke uru pH na oke nke 3-9.Erutere nha nke adsorption mgbe oscillation 6h gachara.

A mụrụ ihe gbasara iwepu amonia nitrogen na mkpofu ahịhịa site na zeolite adsorption.Nsonaazụ nnwale na-egosi na gram ọ bụla nke zeolite nwere ikike mgbasa ozi pere mpe nke 15.5mg amonia nitrogen, mgbe nha nha zeolite bụ 30-16 ntupu, ọnụego mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen ruru 78.5%, na n'okpuru otu oge adsorption, usoro onunu ogwu na Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke zeolite, nke dị elu nke mmetụta amonia nitrogen na-emetụta, nke dị elu na ọnụego mgbasa ozi, na ọ ga-ekwe omume maka zeolite dị ka ihe na-emepụta ihe iji wepụ amonia nitrogen na leachate.N'otu oge ahụ, a na-egosi na ọnụọgụ mgbasa ozi nke amonia nitrogen site na zeolite dị ala, ọ na-esiri zeolite ike iru saturation adsorption ikike na ọrụ bara uru.

A mụrụ mmetụta mwepụ nke ihe ndina zeolite dị ndụ na nitrogen, COD na mmetọ ndị ọzọ na nsị nke ime obodo.Nsonaazụ na-egosi na mwepụ nke amonia nitrogen site na ihe ndina zeolite ndu bụ ihe karịrị 95%, na mwepụ nke nitrate nitrogen na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na oge obibi hydraulic.

Usoro mgbanwe ion nwere uru nke obere ntinye ego, usoro dị mfe, ọrụ dị mma, enweghị mmetụta na nsị na okpomọkụ, na iji zeolite eme ihe site na ịmaliteghachi.Otú ọ dị, mgbe a na-emeso mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ nke amonia nitrogen dị elu, mmeghari ahụ na-emekarị, nke na-eweta nsogbu na ọrụ ahụ, ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka ejikọta ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ amonia nitrogen ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe na-edozi obere mmiri amonia nitrogen.

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