1. Tupu ọgwụgwọ nke etemeete mmiri
Natural mmiri ozu na-enwekarị apịtị, ụrọ, humus na ndị ọzọ kwụsịtụrụ okwu na colloidal adịghị ọcha na nje bacteria, fungi, algae, nje na ndị ọzọ microorganisms, ha nwere ụfọdụ kwụsie ike na mmiri, bụ isi ihe na-akpata mmiri turbidity, agba na isi.Ihe ndị a na-emebiga ihe ókè na-abanye na ion Exchanger, na-emetọ resin ahụ, na-ebelata ikike mgbanwe nke resin, na ọbụna na-emetụta àgwà na-asọ oyi nke usoro nsị.Usoro ọgwụgwọ coagulation, nkọwa mmezi na ọgwụgwọ filtration bụ iwepụ ihe ndị a na-adịghị ọcha dị ka isi ihe kpatara ya, nke mere na ọdịnaya nke ihe nkwụsịtụ na mmiri na-ebelata ka ọ na-erughị 5mg / L, ya bụ, iji nweta mmiri doro anya.A na-akpọ nke a pretreatment mmiri.Mgbe emechara ya, enwere ike iji mmiri ahụ dị ka mmiri ọkụ naanị mgbe a na-ewepụ nnu ndị gbazere n'ime mmiri site na mgbanwe ion na-ewepụ gas ndị gbazere n'ime mmiri site na ikpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ikpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ịfụ.Ọ bụrụ na ewepụghị adịghị ọcha ndị a na mbụ, enweghị ike ịme ọgwụgwọ na-esote (desalting).Ya mere, ọgwụgwọ coagulation nke mmiri bụ njikọ dị mkpa na usoro nhazi mmiri.
Usoro pretreatment nke thermal ike osisi bụ dị ka ndị a: raw mmiri → coagulation → ọdịda na nkọwa → filtration.Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na coagulation usoro bụ polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, aluminum sulfate, ferric trichloride, wdg. Ihe ndị a na-ebutekarị ngwa nke polyaluminum chloride.
Polyaluminum chloride, nke a na-akpọ PAC, dabeere na aluminom ash ma ọ bụ aluminum minerals dị ka akụrụngwa, na elu okpomọkụ na a ụfọdụ nrụgide na alkali na aluminum mmeghachi omume mepụtara polymer, akụrụngwa na mmepụta usoro dị iche iche, ngwaahịa nkọwa abụghị otu.Usoro ihe omimi nke PAC [Al2 (OH) nCI6-n] m, ebe n nwere ike ịbụ ọnụọgụ ọ bụla n'etiti 1 na 5, na m bụ ọnụọgụ nke ụyọkọ 10. PAC na-abịa n'ụdị siri ike na nke mmiri mmiri.
2.Coagulation usoro
Enwere isi mmetụta atọ nke coagulant na ụmụ irighiri colloidal na mmiri: neutralization eletriki, mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na ịsa.Kedu n'ime mmetụta atọ a bụ isi na-adabere n'ụdị na usoro ọgwụgwọ nke coagulant, ọdịdị na ọdịnaya nke colloidal particles na mmiri, na pH uru nke mmiri.Usoro nke polyaluminom chloride dị ka nke aluminom sulfate, na omume nke aluminum sulfate na mmiri na-ezo aka na usoro nke Al3 + na-emepụta ụdị dị iche iche nke hydrolyzed.
Enwere ike iwere polyaluminum chloride dị ka ngwaahịa dị n'etiti dị iche iche na usoro hydrolysis na polymerization nke aluminom chloride n'ime Al (OH) 3 n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.Ọ dị ugbu a na mmiri n'ụdị ụdị polymeric dị iche iche na A1 (OH) a (s), na-enweghị usoro hydrolysis nke Al3 +.
3. Ngwa na ihe na-emetụta ya
1. Mmiri okpomọkụ
Mmiri okpomọkụ nwere mmetụta doro anya na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ coagulation.Mgbe mmiri okpomọkụ dị ala, hydrolysis nke coagulant siri ike karị, karịsịa mgbe mmiri okpomọkụ dị ala karịa 5 ℃, hydrolysis ọnụego bụ ngwa ngwa, na flocculant kpụrụ nwere rụrụ Ọdịdị, elu mmiri ọdịnaya na ezi ahụ.Mgbe okpomọkụ mmiri dị ala, a na-eme ka ihe ngwọta nke colloidal particles dịkwuo mma, oge flocculation dị ogologo, ọnụ ọgụgụ sedimentation na-adịkwa ngwa ngwa.The nnyocha na-egosi na mmiri okpomọkụ nke 25 ~ 30 ℃ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị.
2. pH uru mmiri
Usoro hydrolysis nke polyaluminum chloride bụ usoro ntọhapụ H + na-aga n'ihu.Ya mere, n'okpuru ọnọdụ pH dị iche iche, a ga-enwe etiti hydrolysis dị iche iche, na uru pH kacha mma nke polyaluminum chloride coagulation ọgwụgwọ bụ n'ozuzu n'etiti 6.5 na 7.5.Mmetụta coagulation dị elu n'oge a.
3. Usoro nke coagulant
Mgbe ọnụọgụ nke coagulant agbakwunyere ezughi oke, turbidity fọdụrụ na mmiri na-agbapụta ka ukwuu.Mgbe ego ahụ buru ibu, n'ihi na ihe ndị na-emepụta colloidal dị na mmiri na-eme ka coagulant dị ukwuu, ihe onwunwe ụgwọ nke colloidal ahụ na-agbanwe, na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ nke fọdụrụ na mmiri na-abawanye ọzọ.Usoro coagulation abụghị mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị mfe, ya mere, a pụghị ikpebi usoro ọgwụgwọ achọrọ dị ka ngụkọ, ma ekwesịrị ikpebi dịka ụdị mmiri dị iche iche si dị iji chọpụta usoro kwesịrị ekwesị;Mgbe ogo mmiri na-agbanwe n'oge, a ga-edozi usoro onunu ogwu ya.
4. kọntaktị kọntaktị
N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ coagulation ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri ozuzo ndị ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na enwere ntakịrị oyi akwa apịtị na mmiri, mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ coagulation nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma.Ọ nwere ike inye nnukwu ebe dị elu, site na mgbasa ozi, catalysis na crystallization core, meziwanye mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ coagulation.
Mmiri mmiri ozuzo bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri ugbu a.A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ polyaluminum chloride mee ihe dị ka mmiri na-edozi mmiri, na-arụ ọrụ dị mma nke coagulant, nnukwu floc, obere usoro onunu ogwu, arụmọrụ dị elu, mmiri ozuzo ngwa ngwa, ngwa ngwa ngwa na uru ndị ọzọ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere omenala flocculant usoro nwere ike belata site na 1/3 ~ 1. / 2, enwere ike ịchekwa ọnụ ahịa 40%.Ejikọtara ya na ọrụ nke nzacha valve na-arụ ọrụ na carbon carbon na-arụ ọrụ, a na-ebelata turbidity nke mmiri mmiri dị ukwuu, a na-eme ka mma dị mma nke usoro desalt dị mma, na ikike mgbanwe nke resin desalt na-abawanye, na ụgwọ ọrụ na-ebelata.
Oge nzipu: Mar-22-2024
